“The consumer doesn’t care where in the supply chain emissions occur”, Bea Perez, Chief Sustainability Officer at The Coca-Cola Company told participants during a panel discussion moderated by yours truly. “What matters is the total footprint of the bottle of Coca-Cola she holds in her hands.” It’s why the company has been working hard to reduce the emissions of its suppliers as much as its own.

But as obvious as this example sounds, the reality is that corporate America isn’t ready to disclose and reduce its so-called Scope 3 emissions—the greenhouse gasses emitted by a company’s suppliers and customers.

The problem comes from a place of ignorance—literally. When I asked an audience of mostly Chief Sustainability Officers (CSOs) at our event to estimate their company’s Scope 3 emissions, the majority of them had no idea. Those who did, including the CSOs from Walmart, General Motors, and Coca-Cola, put them at 80–95% of total emissions (but lacked confidence that these estimates were accurate).

What’s unknown, remains unloved. When the companies from the U.S. Business Roundtable (BRT) were asked for their feedback on the SEC’s Scope 3 proposals, the lack of enthusiasm was palpable. Scope 3 disclosures are “overly burdensome,” “unlikely to result in comparable, investor-useful information,” and the timeline for them is unrealistic, the group said.

At our conference, Kristina Wyatt, formerly of the SEC and one of the architects of the climate disclosures, remains unphased by that criticism. If she could redo the climate disclosures after receiving the BRT’s feedback, she said, she wouldn’t change much—if anything. There is already a lot of leeway in the SEC’s proposals, she added.

Is the BRT feedback unfounded? Going over the back-and-forth between the SEC and the BRT in detail here would take forever—for those interested, you can read the SEC’s 490 page proposal here, and the BRT’s 17 page response to it here. But what is clear to me is that even some of the most forward-thinking BRT members are still afraid of their own carbon shadow.

Walmart has been very successful in reducing its Scope 3 emissions, thanks to initiatives like Project Gigaton. Meanwhile, Coca-Cola has already achieved an estimated 25% reduction in its total per bottle CO2 emissions. But both companies did sign the BRT feedback, and Perez told me in our panel that Coca-Cola stands by that decision, as does Walmart.  

Some American companies, however, do explicitly support Scope 3 disclosures. Schneider Electric, for example, have said: “We recognize how difficult tracking and measuring Scope 3 emissions can be. However, we believe it to be both best practice […] and essential.” Interestingly, both Occidental Petroleum and Chevron also support Scope 3 disclosures (in contrast to Exxon Mobil).

At the end of the day, corporate America would do well not to push back too much against Scope 3 disclosures, Peter Bakker said at the conference. As head of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Bakker represents “the most forward-thinking global companies committed to advancing the sustainability agenda” (including both Chevron and Walmart).

This means Bakker is tuned in to the Scope 3 discussions going on in other parts of the world. At COP27 in Egypt, which he attended, the International Sustainability Standards Board made progress with its push for global Scope 3 disclosures. These emissions are also included in upcoming European regulations, meaning U.S. companies active in Europe will soon need to start disclosing them.

All of this means that a company’s global Scope 3 footprint will become a competitive advantage or disadvantage within five years, Bakker said. As with other standards, those that don’t comply, or underperform, risk falling out of favor or being banned outright in certain markets, such as the EU. In a world where “eco-protectionism” is on the rise, that’s not a position many companies will want to find themselves in.

On the flipside, those that lead on Scope 3 may well find it an additional selling point.

Or, as I quipped to Perez: soon there could be a market for Coke “Net Zero”.

Peter Vanham
Executive Editor, Fortune Impact and Connect
@petervanham
peter.vanham@fortune.com

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