- The president warned countries are “stealing the movies” from Tinseltown in a concerted effort that threatens the United States, granting him the freedom to impose tariffs. Not only is it unclear how import duties could be levied on films and what criteria would apply, experts say, but the real risks may lie in technology—not geography.
First it was steel, then it was cars, now it’s movies. The list of industries deemed critical to safeguarding U.S. national security grew longer on Sunday after President Trump declared plans to impose 100% tariffs on movies produced abroad.
The president argued Tinseltown has been “devastated” by countries that offered studios incentives to shoot on location.
“This is a concerted effort by other nations and, therefore, a national security threat,” he said, implying foreign films could impose alien views antithetical to American values. “It is, in addition to everything else, messaging and propaganda.”
Trump’s first 100 days have been characterized by an “economic war against the whole world,” one minute imposing tariffs, only to roll them back the next.
A movie tariff would, however, be the first time that Trump levied import duties on something beyond tangible goods produced by manufacturers. While movies require physical reels to be operated at a cinema, films themselves are often classified as audiovisual services under international trade. Movies streamed at home, meanwhile, are viewed as digital goods still subject to a moratorium on tariffs.
Uncertainty on how tariffs might apply to films
“We’re on it,” Trump’s Commerce Secretary, Howard Lutnick posted to X.
Determining whether a good is domestic or foreign is fairly straightforward. Under the rules of origin, governments examine how much content in a specific product comes from inputs shipped in from abroad, and if certain thresholds are met, they are exempt.
Electric vehicles assembled in the U.S., for example, might be deemed imports if they rely on battery cells—the single biggest cost in the bill of goods—that are imported from China.
How this same approach might apply to films to determine their economic nationality is unclear. There is trade protectionism, but it takes the form of non-tariff barriers such as quotas and mandates designed to serve domestic audiences or promote specific cultures.
“It’s not clear what will be impacted. Is it just movies or also streaming series?” Henning Molfenter, a former head of film and TV production at Germany’s Studio Babelsberg, said in comments to The Hollywood Reporter. “Is it visual effects, coproductions, international film financing? There’s a huge degree of uncertainty.”
Trump warns, ‘Other nations have been stealing the movies’
Under the Constitution, only the legislative arm of the government has the authority to ratify trade deals and when necessary restrict the flow of goods and services via tariffs. There is, however, an exemption permitting the executive branch to intervene in trade when there is a threat to the safety of the country.
Trump has regularly relied on this exception. In his first 100 days, he has imposed sectoral tariffs in addition to his so-called reciprocal tariffs on countries without seeking the consent of Congress.
"Other nations have been stealing the moviemaking capabilities from the United States," says @POTUS.
— Rapid Response 47 (@RapidResponse47) May 5, 2025
"Hollywood is being destroyed … If they're not willing to make a movie inside the United States, then we should have a tariff on movies that come in." pic.twitter.com/g3lxoGppmJ
“Other nations have been stealing the movies, the moviemaking capabilities from the United States,” Trump told reporters later. “I said to a couple of people, ‘What do you think?’ I’ve done some very strong research over the last week, and we’re making very few movies now, Hollywood is being destroyed.”
Protecting Hollywood from foreign competition may surprise many observers, since it is considered a Democratic stronghold often viewed with suspicion by Trump’s MAGA base. But it has indeed taken a recent hit.
In the midst of a global decline in production and intensifying competition for film projects, on-location production in Greater Los Angeles—home to most major studios—declined by 22% during the first quarter, according to data published last month by FilmLA.
The World Trade Organization declined to provide a statement, telling Fortune it does not, as a general rule, comment on the policies of its individual members.
Artificial intelligence and TikTok are the real threats to Hollywood
Whether tariffs are an effective policy to answer Hollywood’s deeper problems and usher in the return of its golden era remains speculative.
Steven Wolfe Pereira, a former media executive at Spanish-language broadcaster Univision, called the idea that U.S. national security is threatened by the film industry’s decline “bogus.”
Moreover, the real threats to the industry may not be found in other countries, but elsewhere.
“AI is quietly replacing over 20% of production roles today, regardless of where cameras roll, so the real disruption is not geographic, it’s actually technological,” Wolfe Pereira told Bloomberg Television in an interview.
That is not the only structural headwind Hollywood faces, either. User-generated content on social media sites like TikTok regularly outcompetes studios for consumer attention.
“The whole rise of digital technologies [and] alternative means of entertainment,” Wolfe Pereira said, “those are much bigger threats to the traditional Hollywood ecosystem.”
