Germany’s Siemens has a long history of technological innovation since its formation in 1847, beginning with pointer telegrams and dynamos. It has since grown into a multifaceted international engineering group that employs 320,000 people. Siemens has four comparably-sized main divisions: Mobility, covering rail infrastructure and rolling stock, and road traffic systems; Healthineers, covering diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices; Energy Infrastructure, covering transmission and distribution hardware, alongside power-management systems; and Digital Industries, which provides digital transformation consulting. The conglomerate, headquartered in Munich, also has real estate and financial services operations, along with a portfolio of semi-independent businesses in areas like airport logistics and metal cabling systems.

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