A Nobel Prize–winning economist debunks 3 misconceptions about SVB’s collapse—and explains what really went wrong

Fortune’s Shawn Tully provides the best take I’ve seen on the Silicon Valley Bank blowup by talking to the man who won the Nobel Prize in Economics last year for his insights into banking: the University of Chicago’s Douglas Diamond. Diamond knocks down some of the common misperceptions about the cause of the crisis, including…

—“SVB was a sound business wrecked by a stampede.” Nope. Diamond’s work shows a panic can ruin an otherwise healthy bank—but that wasn’t the case here.

—“SVB was a victim of overly aggressive Fed rate increases.” Not the problem. Fed policy certainly played a role, but it wasn’t the main cause.

—“Social media fueled the SVB bank run.” Not really. Most of the VCs involved could have gotten word at the Rosewood Sand Hill bar, or on any number of closed chat groups. They didn’t need a global media platform.

So what went wrong? Well, first, SVB violated the most basic rule of banking—it failed to diversify. “Banks make safe assets out of risky ones by diversifying,” Diamond said. “And they have diversified funding sources, so that depositors don’t all need their money on the same date.” But SVB was making loans to, and taking deposits from, the same insular group of venture-funded tech companies, who all ran into trouble at the same time, and ultimately ran for the exits together.

And second, both SVB and its regulators failed to anticipate how the business would be affected by rising interest rates—which, by the way, was not exactly a black swan event. Anyone with a rudimentary knowledge of economic history knew the day would come when rates would return to something more like their historical norm. And SVB’s match of short-term deposits with long-term Treasuries couldn’t survive the inevitable.

Why didn’t someone see the problem earlier? Well, that’s where the collective psychosis comes in. The evidence was all there. But no one was looking.

You can read Tully’s story here. Other news below.

Alan Murray
@alansmurray
alan.murray@fortune.com

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This edition of CEO Daily was edited by Jackson Fordyce.