waste management

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Creeping six spots up this year's ranking, Waste Management collects, recycles, and disposes of garbage in the United States and Canada. It also owns and operat

Waste Management | 2023 World's Most Admired Companies

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Waste Management | 2023 World's Most Admired Companies | Fortune

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Beth Kowitt

Could your child’s uneaten broccoli help provide electricity?

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Claire Groden

The American recycling business is a mess: Can Big Waste fix it?

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 Jim Fish on leadership: “I view my job as having a social responsibility.”

Waste Management CEO: environment is an important stakeholder, but a “voiceless constituent”

Leadership

Jim Fish: “I view my job as having a social responsibility.”

Waste Management CEO: environment is important stakeholder

Jim, ever since he became CEO of Waste Management, you've made sustainability your number one priority. Why that's so important to you. It all kind of leads back to how I grew up as a kid. My parents had a garden outside, and so a lot of our vegetables we ate were sustainable where we didn't buy them at the grocery store, and my parents were very big into kind of re use. There wasn't really recycling when I grew up in the 19 sixties 19 seventies, you didn't have plastic water bottles, you had just a glass. And so we were always taught to kind of re use and not throw away something that was ingrained in me at an early age. And as I think about today, this society that's become somewhat of a throwaway society, we tend to to use things once and then throw them out. And it feels like there's an opportunity to preserve natural resource is that that ultimately is the in my mind the definition of recycling. It's preserving natural resource. You have said that the environment is an important stakeholder in your company, right up there with your employees, your customers and of course, shareholders. But you say it's a voiceless constituent. What can you do to change that if you mistreat a customer that customer calls you tomorrow morning? If you mistreat the environment, the environment doesn't pick up the phone and call you tomorrow. But over over years, over decades, it does talk back to you. And so I think we have to be willing to listen to, ah, constituent that speaks in longer terms. You know, we're seeing and hearing that businesses are trying to find a balance between making money for their shareholders but also doing their part to make the world a better place. How would you describe the progress right now, Especially when it comes to things like protecting the environment? I think we're making huge progress, and I don't view them as either, or look at them as being complimentary. So you can You can actually do something that is sustainable and at the same time do something that's economically viable, and I think they actually have to be. It has to be economically viable or it won't work. I don't think there's anything that I feel stronger about this topic. There's not one thing I feel strongly about it. And it's not just the environment, it's I view my job is having a social responsibility as well, whether it is paying a living wage to every single employee or whether it is pay equity or whether it is diversity and inclusion. You know, there's there's a whole bunch of things that fall under that umbrella. But I'm in a position where I can influence those types of things, whether it is environmental sensitivity or whether it is any of those things that I just mentioned. And if I'm not going to use this position responsibly and do some of those things, then why am I here? What's the point? But, you know, for all that we hear about the risks of climate change, the importance of recycling people are pretty lax about doing their part to solve these problems. What have you found to be the best way to engage people? I love getting, uh, other CEOs together to talk through the issues. We had Marc Benioff and Jim fiddling at our sustainability form and salesforce dot com and Dow Chemicals. Exactly. It does help start the dialogue, which, and once you have dialogue then you can start taking action. And part of our sustainability forum is designed to promote action. It's not just dialogue. It has to be dialogue followed by action. I think that's a big step. You make it very personal. At your recent sustainability conference, which you hosted, you brought your two teenage daughters on stage. Why did you do that? I think it's almost a generational expectation. The younger generation expects us to recycle, so it made sense to talk about the younger generations at the sustainability form. And then we leave in two girls who are 16 and 14 and talk about what's recyclable in what's not. What did you accomplish? Well, I I will tell you they were kind of the hit of the show. Honestly, they happened where one wore a yellow dress, one or a green dress, which we didn't plan, but that worked out nicely, considering our colors or yellow and green. But I think it really did convey a message a that Jim's ah, personal guy that he's willing to bring his family up and be that that reinforced this generational emphasis that we were trying to make out the form itself. Now Let's talk about your mother. I understand you often quote the things that you've learned from her and how you said she had a big impact on the way that you lead. Has she given you any leadership lessons when it comes to howto guide your leadership in dealing with all the sustainability issues that are so complex? She did. I mean, both my parents, your parents, hopefully there are role models for your mind. Certainly were. And my mom always used to talk about, you know, it applied to people. But I think it also applies to our environment kind of the golden rule of do unto others as you would have them do unto you. And she said, I think that applies to not just two other people that also applies to our world to our earth. And so I've always remembered that she passed away, you know, about five years ago. But but those lessons really stick with me today.

[ MUSIC ] Jim, many people think of Waste Management as that company that removes trash, and you do, do that. But you've also turned it into a technology company that clears that trash. Tell us about some of the kinds of exciting tech innovations that you've brought to the business. You're right, it has been a trash company for, we've been in business for over 50 years. So it has been a trash company for that long, but Recently we started to adopt technology. So applying data and analytics, for example, or bringing autonomy we were running an autonomous test vehicle today. We're putting up a plant in a facility actually in Denver, Colorado that remotely operates heavy equipment and that could redefine the job. Of heavy equipment operator. So all of that is is new technology. We're also changing our customer facing technology. So we're really using all different facets of technology in our business today. And I understand you're using robots and robotics and sophisticated sorting machines. In this plant in Chicago, you call it the plant of the future, which really could change the whole recycling process. Tell us a little bit about that. Well, a typical traditional traditional single stream recycle plant might have one or two optical sorters. And if you're not familiar with optical sorters, just it recognizes the type of material coming up. And it actually shoots, for example, a jet of air and knocks something off the conveyor belt. We have 14 optical sorters in this new plant. And then we're also using robotics, not at that plant, but at three of our other plants, robotic arms that actually also identify the type of material. And then go down and, kind of like a plunger, pick it up. And it's. Creates a much cleaner stream than actually a human could, so it's fantastic .>> You talked a moment ago about autonomous vehicles and understand you're testing autonomous running trucks, you're using them in your landfills. How's that working out ?>> It's working out quite well. It would be what's called level four autonomy. So there is somebody monitoring equipment sitting up front Level 5 would be where there's nobody up front where it's where it really is truly a self driving vehicle. And I think that's a ways away but level 4 where you actually have an operator up front. I think is is the technology is here today. It's just public perception and government regulation that are lagging behind a bit But we're encouraged about this as a future opportunity for us. Well, right now you have 18, 000 trucks that you use in your business. Can you see a day coming soon, where they would be replaced by autonomous vehicles on the road doing daily trash pickups? I guess it kind of depends on what your definition of coming soon is, right? I mean, coming soon In a year and a half, no, but coming soon in in five to 10 years where material percentage of the fleet is actually doing that autonomously? Look, I think that could happen. I think it absolutely will impact our business. It's not going to be next year, but it could be in certainly within a decade. How would it impact your business positively? Well, I think it also redefines the job. So we hear today that millennials don't want to drive trucks or they don't want to operate heavy equipment. It's very different if you're telling a millennial or a Gen Z. I have two daughters who are Gen Z. If I'm telling them Look, you're going to drive a truck but you're really not going to be driving the vehicle. You're going to be monitoring this computer equipment. That's a much more attractive job. Just like the remote operations of heavy equipment where you're sitting in a leather easy chair in front of a bank of HD screens and you're remotely operating it as if you're playing a video game. That is much different than actually sitting in a piece of heavy equipment and getting kind of bounced around al day. Well, actually you're already doing that at Waste Management. I understand that you do have these high tech command centers. So that people are remotely operating heavy equipment and bulldozers at landfills and it's less of a manual job. How is this changing your workforce and the people that you're hiring? Replacing them with a Gen Z or a millennial who has this expectation that we're more technologically sophisticated, I think involves this move from Traditional heavy equipment operator position to one that's almost more like a video game player. And that's where I think you'll see this really turn into a completely redefined job. So you may be looking for people who are experienced at video games. It's interesting you asked that because we have for heavy equipment operators at this centre today and two of them are millennials and They play fortnight or whatever and they really enjoy the job. So you're right. It could be somebody that has experience in in playing video games. Let's talk a little bit about this big acquisition you're about to close in on advanced disposal services. How is that going to impact where waste management is going? So advanced was the fourth biggest waste company in the United States When we announce the acquisition about a year ago, we feel like [ UNKNOWN ] management that bringing the technology that we just talked about to advanced disposal for example our on board units, they don't have on board units, they don't have units on their tracks that help dynamically rout their vehicles. So bringing that to their business I will really be a big plus for both their shareholders and our shareholders. It's why we decided to do the acquisition .>> Are you thinking of doing more acquisitions and especially in this area where you would bring in more technology and maybe a software know how? No doubt and I think there's there's two things here. There's either us bringing our technology to a company such as as advanced disposal, or maybe buying a company that has a different technology that we don't have and bringing that to a to a bigger a bigger model like waste management's. Well, Jim, you've made so many changes as Waste Management since you became CEO only three years ago, looking ahead, where do you see waste management going? And how will it be different than we know it today? I think the technology that we've talked about is really in its infancy right now and I think as you look three to five years out, it will really start to blossom into a much different company from a tech standpoint. That recycle plan of the future that we talked about in Chicago will ultimately be the replacement for all of these single strains we have forty some odd single strain plants around the company, and it will replace those, the end result of that will be a much cleaner recycle strain, and a much less volatile recycle business. It seems as if every earnings [ INAUDIBLE ] we're having to talk about the volatility of recycling, The plan is to change the technology around processing, which ultimately changes the business model itself. [ BLANK_AUDIO ]

Waste Management CEO says the trash removal company is really a technology company

The company's using data analytics and even robotics.

Waste Management CEO says they're really a "tech company"

Picture robots, data analytics and video games.

So Tom we have to update some of those numbers. Yeah. I think it's 44 million dollars in charity. That's absolutely right, we're just under 50 million donated with a quarter billion people running our programs from diaper recycling in Amsterdam to chewing gum in Mexico and so on. Chewing gum, cigarette butts, toothbrushes, everything you always thought you had to throw away. That's right. You can now recycle. So I want to start with recycling cuz this is, incredibly fascinating. When you look at the amount that is actually recycled, there is a fantastic piece in science advances. The journal that looked said that out of all the waste that we've created the plastic waste only 9 % Has been recycled I've seen figures as high as 14 % but that doesn't seem too successful. And in fact you are the king of recycling and you call it a failing business model. Absolutely. I think the 9 or 14 % is generous at that. The real issue is and I know we've read about this in many different papers that the recycling industry from a macroeconomic point of view is in collapse more or less and that's because of three major reasons. The obvious ones are low oil prices so it's hard to compete against Virgin plastics and virgin materials. The second is the end markets like China but now not just China but many other countries in the pack region and so on who's to import all the material have stopped for the right reasons mind you that's taken away 50 % of the demand market which is a horrendous thing. If you're a recycler anywhere from Japan to Europe to here. But the third is the most unintuitive which is the quality of the materials we put in the waste stream is becoming significantly lower. Recyclers make money on what's sort of like a profit per touch and packaging is becoming significantly lighter. So you have to collect now ten bottles for what used to take one bottle ten years ago. And it's becoming more complex which means you have to put more resource, more processing resource against Extracting that limited value. And basically, just less things, less things, less things are becoming recyclable, and that's in the middle of a garbage crisis, at the very same time. Yeah, and it's so light, the plastic, that it's actually flying off the conveyor belts, yeah. Absolutely, some bottles are becoming so light, they're now viewed as almost flexibles, which means they're not being recycled. All right. And it's so sensitive. What makes something recyclable is not about technical mousetraps, or the technical ability to do something. It's simply about economics. Garbage companies are were partly owned in Europe by Suez or here in Canada by Waste Connections, these large waste management companies and they're looking to mine your waste. So if they can make a profit, it's recyclable. If they can't make a profit, your waste will be not recyclable. It's that simple. So One sort of, to show you how thin that line is, a clear soda bottle like this, which is made from PET, is recycled in Europe in most cases. But if you add a little color to this, just make it green, which many bottles are, from sparkling water to carbonated soft drinks, that added pigment takes the value down just enough, to make it now not recyclable anymore. It's that thin, the line. So, this business model, essentially, has collapsed since you began your effort to recycle in 2001. And you've had this big, aha moment, which was that you were in Canada, and you You opened up the closet of a friend's home and you saw the pot plant that had been struggling forever and suddenly it was flourishing and you realized this was worm poop- That's right. That was doing this. And you thought this is how you started your entire- Yeah. Recycling business, taking compost and recycling it through worms. What's the ah- ha moment- Sure. That you've just had? Cuz it is radically different from- Yeah. It's very different than growing better pot, for sure. Now we know the pot smokers in the room. All joking. That's why I asked the question. That's right, we wanted to get everyone out. Just this past January at Davos, at the world economic forum, we announced a new platform in collaboration with most of the world's biggest producers, from European, [ UNKNOWN ], Coke, Pepsi, all the way to Shell, and And others, as well as major retailers from Catfo Tesco and so on, to try to think about how to solve waste at the root cause because recycling is a good solution to the symptom of waste, but it's not solving the root cause of waste. I mean academically If you look up the word recycling in any dictionary, the word waste must be present. So it's the best way of managing waste, but it's not solving waste. Mm- hm. And so we went on a journey, this is actually two years ago. This also spawned out of the world economic formal. We launched a big ocean plastic initiative in 2017, and we were starting to talk with producers about, how do we go a step deeper? And how do we solve waste at the root cause? And the landing Or the landing point we go to was that the root cause of waste is using something once. And so it's not plastic that's the big evil. We like to project everything that is anti- plastic. That's pretty evil though. Well no, no. But it also makes you live longer. It also is what you're sitting on. It's what you're standing on. It's what your driving in. I mean the world is a plastic world. Think the issue is if we took this carpet and threw it out after one use, Right? That would be pretty bad or the chair after you sat in at once, that would be pretty bad. This you're going to throw out after one use. And that's the problem, right? So now why do we love disposability and not just by the way in consumer goods like look at all the disposable coffee cups we voted for right here when you had perfectly good ceramic mugs to choose from Right, I mean, just thank you for the prop, we prepped on this ahead of time. Yeah, that's great. But you know why we did that, and everyone here is enlightened to it, and yet 50 % of the audience voted for disposability? Yeah. It's becase it's so amazingly convenient and affordable. Right. And that has democratized products, people can access, say, shampoo and soap, be able to access it. But it's created this huge crisis And also, I'd argue the quality of products has gone down in the process. Things have become cheaper, and less investment per unit. So you say you wanted to solve for disposibilty. You wanted to give people the affordability and convenience That this offers or those coffee cups, [ COUGH ] but without the downside of that. Well, right, and what's the downside is a more expensive and even less convenience. So there's been many reuse models out there. Loop is not the first one. But every single one relied- Well, tell us what Loop is cuz I'm not sure everyone knows. Yeah, sure. So Loop is the platform Form you can learn more about in the US at loopstore. com or loop magazine [ UNKNOWN ] In France we're launching it about 10 countries over the next twelve months and it basically is an engine for producers to be able to create durable versions of their products, everything from you Tide and Cascade all the way to Haagen- Dazs and Tropicana, all these sort of consumer goods. Where instead of the consumer buying the product and owning the package. And I would argue to the gentleman who raised his coffee cup do you wanna own that cup when you're done drinking it. Right. You're gonna cherish it for many years. It's your property. Okay, there you go. But it's weird right, you own it, it's your property, and yet you don't want it. Isn't that a weird thing? And most of what we buy falls into that category. So by shifting the ownership back to the producer, some amazing things happen. And these were the a- ha moments that you were driving at is that then they become financially motivated to make the package as long lasting and durable as possible, not as cheap as possible because what's in the price of the content isn't the entire package. So you know in a coffee when you buy the entire Higher price of that cup is in the coffee. Where the entire price of the water is in this bottle. But if you borrow it it's just depreciation of the durable package. So now you're in a financial situation where you wanna make it as long lasting and durable. Now what's beautiful about that is Long lasting and durable doesn't just enable reuse, which is great for sustainability. But enables the most epic unparalleled design innovation that's ever been possible before. Right. [ COUGH ] The packages that these producers from the new Hagen Daas container all the way to the new Tide container and hundreds and hundreds of in between. Many are called in the best version of those packages ever invented and nothing even close. They are pretty sledge there is a clearer screen out that looks absolutely gorgeous, it's stainless steel, so now you've partnered with Nefli, Unilever, PNG, every major brand. The supermarkets that are part of this are [ UNKNOWN ] Yeah. Tesco in the UK, I mean this. These are all the big players. That's right. How did you convince them to change their business model? Because essentially what this is, is they now own the package. Yes, yes. And in fact, you're arguing that they They should treat this as a depreciable asset on their balance sheet, which is incredible. That's exactly right. And they've all made that shift. So today packaging is a cost of goods sold, right? And effectively a throwaway cost. So the goal is to reduce that cost, which makes things less recyclable and less exciting. In a durable, yes you have a bigger financial outlay at the front, but you're making an asset that depreciates over the total number of uses, not only to 0, but to the material value of that object. And the reason organizations have jumped on in a pace that I've never seen them. We were adding a big mega- brand every two days, a regional brand every 12 hours. We We just launched announced globalize the big Canadian retailer just a few days ago. And the reason is twofold. One is that the the current paradigm of consumer goods is a downward trend on margin and a downward trend on consumer delight. Everything will end up as a pouch one day, and how exciting is that? Right and you can't really differentiate either. As a producer you're differentiating on your two dimensional artwork, not on anything more than that. Here you can, the real major play was unlocking this fierce ability to innovate, where, like that Clorox container you described, keeps your wipes wet longer. You know the Haagendaas container does all sorts of amazing features never available before in a coded paper pack, which is what ice cream pints are today packaged in. So this monster opportunity for innovation. And by the way, foundationally solves waste and everyone's in a waste crisis. Greenpeace put out a list of the Top 10 contributors to the plastic crisis, nine of those are loop partners and the 10th one is in dialogue will get to 10 out of 10. So when you have your hugging does And you finish your Häagen- Dazs. What do you do with that container? Well, this is the key. I think, in any sustainability message is it has to be fiercely simple and as convenient or more than the current paradigm. If we're gonna ask to change, it's gonna be the more we change, the less success the system will have. And so we want you to echo the behavior of disposability. Because the most convenient thing to do with the crap in your home is to throw it unsorted uncleaned into a pot into a pile. That the negative of doing that is where it ends up. The action of doing that is not bad per se the fact that it ends up in a landfill is the problem or an incinerator if you're in Europe or other markets. So there you look to you throw them all dirty, no sorting nothing into a bin And that bin ends up with us as a reuse center, where we sort it, clean it, provide it back to all the primary manufacturers. So, you collected UPS. You have a loop back. It's very cool, you throw it in. UPS picks it up. You don't even think about it. It kind of conjures up ideas of the old milk man. It totally does. I want to ask who remembers that here. I am curious to see if anyone had a milk man growing up. There we go. That's actaully a pretty fair number. I had one. And here's the point, it worked. Yeah. It's just a reboot of an old idea. Now here's the interesting part, the next you ask about ahas, right? The first aha was unlocking design. The next one, which we're really just opening up the sort of the box on is with reuse you have a direct relationship with the consumer's actual use product, which is really profound. So that becomes as simple as in any shopping environment, you know what your consumer bought. But in an environment like this I also know what you returned, and the difference between the two is what's in your home. Sets up like an interesting function, for example, that will be live later this year is you'll be able to opt to get an alert ten days before anything in your home expires so that your You're alerted to say hey that pasta sauce is gonna go bad maybe you should have some pasta today instead of throwing it out in two weeks ->> Do I want Nestle to know how much Ben and Jerry's ice cream I made. Well Unilever would know how much Ben and Jerry's you're eating but [ LAUGH ] No, but all joking aside, it's about what you can enable for yourself. So, the most profound version of this is that there are certain waste trains that carry diagnosable samples on them. Now, think how bug 23 & Me, and [ UNKNOWN ] and other companies have gotten You use motor oil carries your engine scrapings, your cat litter carries your cat's urine sample. Your child's diaper carries your child's fecal matter. All of those can be diagnosed when they come in if I know it's yours, and then give back to you really interesting. So this is It's an odd transition. I want to get from fecal matter to the capitalist society. But we- Is it odd or maybe not, right, yeah. Well no because we've had this long conversation about the challenges of capitalism and how in crisis it is or whether it is in crisis or not. Your stories, you actually, your family was in Hungary. Yeah. You fled Hungary after the Chernobyl accident, Any of you who have seen the Chernobyl miniseries can understand why. You traveled in Europe before you ended up in Canada. When you got to the United States you talked about this as being this sort of bastion of big ideas. Where anything is possible. And then you built a business basically in the most unusual business model ever. With this worm poop. Yes. As your famously known, you know you've discovered the bounty of the way our system works. How would you see it now. You started a business in 2001. That is the system in crisis? For me I was born in communism and landed in capitalism and I think there is verues of both by the way. Both sides like to vilify the other but there are virtues of both. To me what really Attracting me to business. I think business is the most powerful tool for change bar none. It's been more powerful than politics, than disease, than war. It, imagine as a global CEO, many of you in the room you can snap your finger and how many lives do you change the next hour you know, Versus process and so on that has to take place. What, that to me was really exciting. What was less exciting, remember this so clearly first year at Princeton, Econ 101, the professor gets up this is the very first class and asked what's the purpose of business? And the answer that she was looking for was profit to shareholders and I profits critically important. Don't get me wrong. I'm a die hard capitalist. I think it's important. But is that the point? And I think if we make that the point, then it's going to veer us in very difficult directions. And if you think about you know, when was America at its height because it isn't at its height anymore. It was in the 1950s 1960s where the tax rates just kept going up and you had Phenomenally powerful middle class because the middle class who buys everything. And if I look at it now, it sort of feels to me like what our history books say Russia was like 30 years before that when the Tsars lived there before the revolution where the power balance went so desperate. And man I mean everyone here has got all the guns, it's got all at some point it's going to tip over. And I think it's really important that we think about how to. Bring up the middle class and not have a class of elite and the class of extreme poverty, because that's also gonna make the economy work way better. And I think there's a lot of rules, rules for making sure we're protected. And there's some level of regulation within this amazing motive. You get to create what you want. I mean, in other countries, you can't just have a dream work hard and be successful. That's a uniquely American idea. Well on that, thank you very much, Tom Szaky. Fantastic conversation. Thank you. It was wonderful. [ APPLAUSE ]

CEO Initiative 2019: Rethinking Packaging with TerraCycle CEO 

Rethinking Packaging with TerraCycle CEO 

Tech

Tom Szaky,  TerraCycle CEO, discusses a worldwide view of waste, recycling and how he began his business. 

In 2005, in, [ UNKNOWN ] South Africa, multiple people died of a multi drug resistant tuberculosis type. It was found that these people visited same clinic with patients who had the same symptoms, had went to seek care. The contamination happened When they were all waiting for consultation in poorly ventilated hallways. You can say that a design or lack thereof, in this case, of this waiting room killed all these patients. Surprisingly, The phenomenon of people dying of hospital [ UNKNOWN ] infections is not something new. Records dating back from 1854 during the Crimean war show that the majority of deaths of soldiers were not caused by the wounds they suffered in the battle field. But from being treated in extremely unsanitary conditions. Florence Nightingale, a british nurse who was appointed to treat british soldiers reported on this. And she gave recommendations that wins to inspire what is now known as the Nightingale Award. These included lifting beds off the ground, including better ventilation and better lighting to the wards. And we know experiences where architects in the past have thoughtfully used these principles around infection control, patient Comfort and recovery to design better facilities. The Paimio Sanatorium in Finland by Alva Alto is one of the best examples, where he went as far as to redesign the sinks in shared rooms so that when the patients are washing up, they don't disturb Their roommates when they're trying to rest. So why is it that in the 21st century people are still dying of airborne and hospital acquired infections? We as an organization have had the opportunity to work with two thought leaders in global health. Dr Paul Farmer who's along global health activist and, co founder of partners in health an organization that focuses on offering the preferential option for the poor. And, Dr Agnes Binagwaho she was then minister of health for Rwanda. For these two The reason why people are still dying of these infections acquired in hospitals is a question of injustice for the poor and inequity in global health equity. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] My country, Rwanda, is a small developing nation, landlocked in the Central Eastern region. But it's a remarkable country. Following the 1994 genocide against Tutsi, the country made three choices remaining together, being accountable and thinking big. So, in 2006 when the government of Rwanda and partners in health partnered to build a hospital in North Rwanda. In a district called Burundi Districts. These were the same thing that fueled that partnership. Now, this district is incredibly beautiful, it sits below the [ UNKNOWN ] in the northwestern part of the country on the border between Rwanda, Uganda, and the DRC. But at the time, it was one of the most impoverished districts in the country. But because the issue of giving quality health care for [ UNKNOWN ] and Dr Agnes is an issue of human dignity and justice for all involved Butaro hospital had to be more than a healthcare facility. Rwanda is blessed with near perfect temperate climate. So, instead of having indoors waiting rooms and walk ways that we know have a serious threat To become dangerous, to make sicker if not well designed or properly operated. We can actually have this hallways and walkways outside in the gardens or on the gardens in the courtyards. A nice color palate on this campus doesn't only bring beauty and light to this campus, but also has to serve a different purpose. By matching it with the signage around the campus, you can actually direct someone who can't read in this area of high level illiteracy To a place that want to get you to this compass by telling them what color to follow. But how to build in infection control measures into the facility itself. By designing a fail soft system that minimizes the risk of airborne acquired infections in this hospital. At all times. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And at the time it's scientifically proven that the site of a suffering patient delays recovery in other patients, a simple act of flipping the beds and offering each patient a view and a window To the view outside across the valley and into the gardens and courtyards can make a significant change in the thousands and thousands of lives of people who are going to go through this bed through the entire life of this hospital. These are decisions we architects and designers make Everyday but most of the time, and more than often we misuse or overlook simply. The success for Butaro is a story of the hospital born from this country, but speaks to global health issues around This club. For us, it's a good example of a purpose- built facility, but a purpose bigger than this hospital itself. We have now worked throughout the Rwanda Ministry of Health to redefine the standards for health care facilities in the country. Rethinking things like services sizes, minimum space requirements and injustices and so on. But also thinking about how conditions of citing this hospital for maximum passive systems and accessibility can be a policy requirement For all the facilities to come. And we've done this as well with the government of Liberia when we asked to help them develop infrastructure standards for healthcare facilities in that country as well. These two hospitals are under construction right now in Rwanda. On the left is Munini hospital, and on the right is [ UNKNOWN ] district hospitals. These two hospitals are both designed and plan to be built using the same systems, and improved standards. Using architecture to create a opportunities is very common. So, we've worked with people residents of Burera district to built what are hospital [ BLANK_AUDIO ] 4, 000 people we employed. We also try to come up with a new [ UNKNOWN ] system using the volcanic rock which is a material abundant in this region. And this obviously was very successful and also like Shed a spotlight on tanning that would otherwise not emerge. This is Akiza, on the left its him working on the hospital and on the right is five years later when he was working on a private commission of a client who visited the hospital and loved the volcanic rock And you can see how he continually improved his craft. The man is a legend now. I took this screenshot myself when I found him on the front page of We Transfer website. They now have a cooperative of 27 masons who go around the country just doing this But how do you retain doctors in [ UNKNOWN ] and encourage them to work and live and stay here when Sub Saharan Africa accounts for only 3 % of the global doctors population. [ UNKNOWN ] doctors housing was meant to just try and do this. And the fact that we able to design and build this facility and fabricate all furnitures and all fittings with the people in this region is proof that good architecture can be done everywhere and can be locally fabricated. The medical professional team group grew and [ UNKNOWN ] shared victors housing was meant to expand the accommodation and was complete d on the same campus. This hill which was once a military camp was nicknamed the healing hill. Which means, which is in our language [ FOREIGN ] With that name though came great responsibilities, and an alarming number of cancer cases was particularly of interest, not surpising because the developing word accounts for more than 70 % of the global estimates This Center of Excellence for outpatient cancer care was meant to respond to this. An existing building on the campus was designated to be home to this center. And it was very clear to us that indeed both renovations and expansion. But, what do you offer? To someone who has confirmed and quantified chances of dying. That offers them a sense of hope and comfort to get better. So the medication space was designed intentionally to open out and connect the beautiful vallies across with the hope that this is going to remove any sense of isolation in this [ UNKNOWN ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ] With the case up and running, obviously, people came as far as from Somaliland to seek care and [ UNKNOWN ] patient housing is meant to give affordable shelter to these people. When completed is going to compliment the available accommodation in this town And then on 25th of January this year the state of the art University of Global Health Equity opened its doors. With this, the once impoverished Burera Districts became one of the few places on this planet that is a center of knowledge. For delivery, research and education and quality healthcare. Obviously, we can't associate all the success to architecture and design. But, in this particular cases architecture companionship has been a significant catalyst. Of this vision to utilize equity and global health equity to deliver justice to the poorest, some of the poorest of this planet. This type of thinking about architecture and design is particularly important for the African continent. As it was said in the introduction, because by 2050, it's projected that Africa is going to grow to 2. 5 billion people. Back in 2015, in our office, we estimated that the infrastructure needed to accommodate this many people is unprecedented in the history of humankind. We estimated that 700 million more housing units, more than 300, 000 schools, and nearly 100, 000 health centers will need to be built to accommodate this increase in population on the continent. We obviously will continue to do this type of working together with all of you to push the boundaries of what architecture and design can do. But this need is just a [ UNKNOWN ], so we must also invest in the next generation of architects and designers who are committed to continue doing this type of work. Personally and in our practise we've decided to invest in African architect and designs. Last year ten fellows graduated from the African design center fellowship. Some of them remain working with us on our project across the continent, some of them went back to their countries to establish their own work. And others went on to do for the status in graduates programs. We were founded on the mantra that architecture is never neutral. And I believe somebody said it earlier yesterday that design can never be neutral. It either hurts or it helps And it's our collective responsibility to ensure it does the latter. We've come to understand and to believe that each project must achieve a simple, legible and transmissible idea. That the context of each and every project holds Power over this project's success that it simply cannot be ignored. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] That we shouldn't question whether our work has impact but in what ways and by how much, and that we must be intentional about who benefits From our work. And lastly and finally, we believe that justice is beauty, because every single person on this planet has a fundamental right to build towards that is beautiful And, one that improves the quality of life, thank you. [ APPLAUSE ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ]

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