Ant used domestic chips, including from affiliate Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. and Huawei Technologies Co., to train models using the so-called Mixture of Experts machine learning approach, the people said. It got results similar to those from Nvidia Corp. chips like the H800, they said, asking not to be named as the information isn’t public. 

Hangzhou-based Ant is still using Nvidia for AI development but is now relying mostly on alternatives including from Advanced Micro Devices Inc. and Chinese chips for its latest models, one of the people said.

The models mark Ant’s entry into a race between Chinese and U.S. companies that’s accelerated since DeepSeek demonstrated how capable models can be trained for far less than the billions invested by OpenAI and Alphabet Inc.’s Google. It underscores how Chinese companies are trying to use local alternatives to the most advanced Nvidia semiconductors. While not the most advanced, the H800 is a relatively powerful processor and currently barred by the U.S. from China.

The company published a research paper this month that claimed its models at times outperformed Meta Platforms Inc. in certain benchmarks, which Bloomberg News hasn’t independently verified. But if they work as advertised, Ant’s platforms could mark another step forward for Chinese artificial intelligence development by slashing the cost of inferencing or supporting AI services.

As companies pour significant money into AI, MoE models have emerged as a popular option, gaining recognition for their use by Google and Hangzhou startup DeepSeek, among others. That technique divides tasks into smaller sets of data, very much like having a team of specialists who each focus on a segment of a job, making the process more efficient. Ant declined to comment in an emailed statement.

However, the training of MoE models typically relies on high-performing chips like the graphics processing units Nvidia sells. The cost has to date been prohibitive for many small firms and limited broader adoption. Ant has been working on ways to train LLMs more efficiently and eliminate that constraint. Its paper title makes that clear, as the company sets the goal to scale a model “without premium GPUs.”

That goes against the grain of Nvidia. Chief executive officer Jensen Huang has argued that computation demand will grow even with the advent of more efficient models like DeepSeek’s R1, positing that companies will need better chips to generate more revenue, not cheaper ones to cut costs. He’s stuck to a strategy of building big GPUs with more processing cores, transistors and increased memory capacity.

Ant said it cost about 6.35 million yuan ($880,000) to train 1 trillion tokens using high-performance hardware, but its optimized approach would cut that down to 5.1 million yuan using lower-specification hardware. Tokens are the units of information that a model ingests in order to learn about the world and deliver useful responses to user queries.

The company plans to leverage the recent breakthrough in the large language models it has developed, Ling-Plus and Ling-Lite, for industrial AI solutions including health care and finance, the people said. 

Ant bought Chinese online platform Haodf.com this year to beef up its artificial intelligence services in health care. Ant created AI Doctor Assistant to support Haodf’s 290,000 doctors with tasks such as medical record management, the company said in a separate statement on Monday.

The company also has an AI “life assistant” app called Zhixiaobao and a financial advisory AI service Maxiaocai.

On English-language understanding, Ant said in its paper that the Ling-Lite model did better in a key benchmark compared with one of Meta’s Llama models. Both Ling-Lite and Ling-Plus models outperformed DeepSeek’s equivalents on Chinese-language benchmarks.

“If you find one point of attack to beat the world’s best kung fu master, you can still say you beat them, which is why real-world application is important,” said Robin Yu, chief technology officer of Beijing-based AI solution provider Shengshang Tech Co.

Ant has made the Ling models open source. Ling-Lite contains 16.8 billion parameters, which are the adjustable settings that work like knobs and dials to direct the model’s performance. Ling-Plus has 290 billion parameters, which is considered relatively large in the realm of language models. For comparison, experts estimate that ChatGPT’s GPT-4.5 has 1.8 trillion parameters, according to the MIT Technology Review. DeepSeek-R1 has 671 billion.

The company faced challenges in some areas of the training, including stability. Even small changes in the hardware or the model’s structure led to problems, including jumps in the models’ error rate, it said in the paper.

Ant said on Monday it had built health-care focused large model machines, which were being used by seven hospitals and health care providers in cities including Beijing and Shanghai. The large model leverages DeepSeek R1, Alibaba’s Qwen and Ant’s own LLM and can carry out medical consultancy, it said.

The company also said it has rolled out two medical AI agents—Angel, which has served more than 1,000 medical facilities, and Yibaoer, which supports medical insurance services. Last September it launched the AI Healthcare Manager service within Alipay, its payments app.