Tim Cook says he uses ‘a very good formula’ to look for Apple employees—these are the 4 traits he seeks out

Speaking at the University of Naples Federico II in Italy in 2022—where he received an honorary degree in innovation and international management—Cook told students that it was important for incoming employees to care about the world around them.

“We have a group of people in the company that really want to change the world, that want to enrich people’s lives, that want to leave the world better than they found it,” he said. “It’s that kind of feeling that drives people to do their best work, and I’ve seen it happen again and again, and the results are just unbelievable.”

He then delved into the specific characteristics Apple seeks out in new hires, revealing that the tech giant prizes four traits in particular.

Collaboration

A major skill anyone hoping to work at Apple needed was the ability to collaborate with colleagues, Cook told the audience in Naples at the October 2022 event.

“We believe that strong individual contributors are really key, but two strong individuals that work together can do amazing work, and small teams can do incredible things,” he said.

“So we look for the ability to collaborate with people—the fundamental feeling that if I share my idea with you, that that idea will grow and get bigger and be better.”

Reiterating that different viewpoints help ideas to blossom, Cook noted that collaborative processes were responsible for Apple’s ability to create new products.

“It’s not that somebody goes in a corner or a closet and figures out something about themselves, it’s a collaborative effort,” he said.

Creativity

Creativity is another trait Apple seeks out in would-be employees, Cook added.

“We look for people that think differently, that can look at a problem and not be caught up in the dogma of how that problem has always been viewed,” he told students. “And so [we look for] somebody that will kind of walk around the problem and look at it from different angles and use their creative juices to come up with solutions.”

Curiosity

“It’s a cliché, but there are no dumb questions,” Cook said, noting that Apple valued curiosity and sought out people with an inquisitive nature.

“Curiosity is about being curious about something, to ask lots of questions, whether you think they’re smart questions or dumb questions,” he said. “It’s amazing when somebody starts to ask questions as a kid would, how it puts pressure on the person to think through the answers really deeply. And so, we look for this innate curiosity in people.”

Expertise

Finally, Cook noted that Apple wanted people with relevant expertise to join its workforce.

“If we’re doing something in industrial design, we need somebody that knows industrial design and has a skill set in it either from their college days or through their workdays,” he said.

Cook suggested that people with these four traits had gone on to be successful at Apple, and that the company would therefore continue to hire those who could bring these attributes to the table.

“Those are the things that we look for in people, and it’s been a very good formula for us,” he said.

However, he noted that doing well at work was a two-way street, and that working in a job that left you unfulfilled was not a recipe for success.

“People have to work for a reason bigger than themselves,” he said. “So you want to have a vision for a company that is about serving the customer and somehow improving their lives. You want to do it in an ethical way.”

Without those ingredients, he argued, no amount of money would make a job worth doing.

“There’s no gravitational pull from that—the gravitational pull is always, What are you doing for other people?” he said. “And with a purpose like that, it’s amazing what people will do from a work point of view.”

 A version of this story originally published on Fortune.com on Oct. 3, 2022.