Scott Gottlieb

In his final week at the FDA, Gottlieb issued at least eight official statements, ­running the gamut from addressing the youth e-cigarette epidemic to developing rules for using A.I. in medical devices. That flurry of activity is a microcosm of his tenure—one defined by a willingness to thrust the FDA into any important fray­—and helped explain the unique impact of his short-lived term at the agency.