The companies on the Global 500 employ 70.2 million people, and their revenue represents more than one-third of the world’s GDP.

Fortune Global 500

With a combined revenue of $21 trillion and $2.1 trillion in profits, the 2026 Fortune 500 is the definitive list of America's largest companies.

Fortune 500

The corporations on our annual list of the world's 500 largest companies combined to generate $41.7 trillion in revenue over the past year.

Almost $20 trillion in revenue—and a record-breaking $1.87 trillion in profits. Introducing the 2025 Fortune 500, the definitive list of the biggest companies in America.

Energy sector dominated this year for the first time since 2008, with 28 companies featured on the list.

100 Fastest-Growing Companies

The corporations on our annual list posted aggregate revenues of $41 trillion for the second year in a row.

Industries included in the sector are mining, oil and gas exploration and services, pipelines, refining, and utilities.

Fortune Sector Leaders: Energy

The Fortune 500, in its 70th year in 2024, ranks the biggest U.S. companies by revenue.

The corporations on our annual list of the world’s largest companies delivered a record $41 trillion in aggregate revenues.

G500-2023-Valero

Petroleum refining company Valero Energy leaped 42 spots in our ranking this year, bringing in $175.7 billion in revenue, a 53% increase over the previous year. 
<ul> 
 	<li>In May 2023, Valero announced that Joseph W. Gorder would retire as chief executive officer effective June 30, staying on as executive chairman. R. Lane Riggs, Valero’s president and chief operating officer, succeded Gorder.</li> 
 	<li>The company’s refining, renewable diesel, and ethanol segments each reported substantial increases in revenue as of the first quarter of 2023 compared to the year-earlier quarter.</li> 
 	<li>Valero’s Port Arthur Coker project, which the company expects will improve its efficiency by converting residual crude oil into useable fuels, was completed in March 2023 and began operations the month after.</li> 
 	<li>In April 2023, Valero agreed to pay a $1.2 million settlement to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency after its refinery in Benicia, Calif., violated the federal Clean Air Act.</li> 
</ul>

The Fortune 500, in its 69th year in 2023, ranks the biggest U.S. companies by revenue.

F500 2023-Valero Energy

Petroleum refining company Valero Energy leaped 12 spots in our ranking this year, bringing in $171.2 billion in revenue, a 58% increase over the previous year. 
<ul> 
 	<li>In May 2023, Valero announced that Joseph W. Gorder would retire as chief executive officer effective June 30, staying on as executive chairman. R. Lane Riggs, Valero’s president and chief operating officer, will take Gorder’s place as CEO.</li> 
 	<li>The company’s refining, renewable diesel, and ethanol segments each reported substantial increases in revenue as of the first quarter of 2023 compared to the year-earlier quarter.</li> 
 	<li>Valero’s Port Arthur Coker project, which the company expects will improve its efficiency by converting residual crude oil into useable fuels, was completed in March 2023 and began operations the month after.</li> 
 	<li>In April 2023, Valero agreed to pay a $1.2 million settlement to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency after its refinery in Benicia, Calif., violated the federal Clean Air Act.</li> 
</ul>

Aggregate sales hit $37.8 trillion last year—an increase of 19%, the highest annual growth rate in the list’s history.

This year’s Fortune 500 marks the 68th running of the list.

F500 2022 Valero Energy Corp

Like other oil and gas companies, refining giant Valero Energy enjoyed a snapback in revenue and earnings in 2021 as pandemic lockdowns eased. Valero has launched a number of low-carbon and renewable fuel projects in recent years, and has pledged to reduce emissions from its refining operations 63% from 2020 levels by 2025. The company’s Diamond Alternative Energy has taken some heat from environmentalists, however, for lobbying for renewable fuels over zero-emissions alternatives; Diamond is a plaintiff in a recent federal lawsuit against Environmental Protection Agency regulations designed to encourage the sale of electric vehicles.

Total revenue for the world’s biggest companies fell 4.8% to $31.7 trillion this year—the first decline in half a decade.

G500-2021-164-VALERO ENERGY

<span data-sheets-value="{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;The U.S. refining sector was battered in 2020 by lockdowns and travel restrictions, pushing the San Antonio–based refiner to a $1.4 billion loss. That compares with 2019’s $2.4 billion profit. One saving grace came from Valero’s renewable fuels business, which capitalized on the push for low-carbon alternatives to fossil fuels. The company now expects to invest half of its growth capital in renewable diesel. As part of its expansion, last year Valero approved a new diesel plant that is expected to begin operations in 2023.&quot;}" data-sheets-userformat="{&quot;2&quot;:12673,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;10&quot;:2,&quot;11&quot;:4,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:11}">The U.S. refining sector was battered in 2020 by lockdowns and travel restrictions, pushing the San Antonio–based refiner to a $1.4 billion loss. That compares with 2019’s $2.4 billion profit. One saving grace came from Valero’s renewable fuels business, which capitalized on the push for low-carbon alternatives to fossil fuels. The company now expects to invest half of its growth capital in renewable diesel. As part of its expansion, last year Valero approved a new diesel plant that is expected to begin operations in 2023.

This year’s Fortune 500 marks the 67th running of the list.

F500-2021-53-Valero Energy

This year's Fortune Global 500 generated $33.3 trillion in revenues and $2.1 trillion in profits.

G500-2020-071-Valero-Energy

As CEO Joe Gorder put it when the company released its annual financial report, Valero faced another “challenging environment for the refining business” in 2019. Net income sank 17% year-on-year, to $2.8 billion, even as refinery utilization was at 96% and the company refined record amounts of oil. The business completed a network of central Texas pipelines and terminals, extending the reach of its vast U.S. shale business deeper inland. Its 2020 growth ambitions suffered a blow in late November when its renewable fuels business stumbled: Two ethanol plants were forced to close temporarily, and additional plants went offline in March 2020, as the coronavirus pandemic destroyed demand for any and all types of energy.

This year's Fortune 500 marks the 66th running of the list.

F500-2020-032-Valero-Energy

This year's Fortune Global 500 generated $27.7 trillion in revenues and $1.5 trillion in profits.

This year's Fortune 500 marks the 65th running of the list.

This year's Fortune 500 marks the 64th running of the list.

This year's Fortune 500 marks the 63rd running of the list.

Here are the World's Most Admired Companies for 2016 as ranked in their industries. See who made the list.

World's Most Admired Companies

This year's Fortune Global 500 generated $27.6 trillion in revenues and $1.5 trillion in profits.

This year's Fortune 500 marks the 62nd running of the list.

Business insiders have spoken: Asked which companies they most admire, more than 4,100 executives, directors, and analysts chose these top 50 All-Stars.

The world's 500 largest companies generated $31.2 trillion in revenues and $1.7 trillion in profits in 2014. Together, this year's Fortune Global 500 employ 65 million people worldwide and are represented by 36 countries.

This year's Fortune 500 marks the 61st running of the list. Wal-Mart claims the top spot again. See who made the list.

Global business is back. After limping through a worldwide financial crisis and economic slowdown, the 500 largest companies ranked by revenues shattered all sorts of performance records in 2013: They racked up combined revenues of $31.1 trillion, up 2.5% from 2012, and profits soared 27% to nearly $2 trillion. China’s 95 companies (up from 89 last year) posted $5.8 trillion in revenues. The U.S. has four fewer companies on the list than last year but remains (for now) the country leader, with 128 corporations on the list—including No. 1 Wal-Mart Stores—reporting $8.6 trillion in revenues. 

Wal-Mart stayed on top as its sales crept closer to half-a-trillion dollars. Apple moved into the top five. And UnitedHealth Group continued its steady climb. 

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Valero Energy is an oil refiner with operations in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, and Europe. Founded in 1980, the company sells gasoline, diesel, and ethanol through outlets under the Valero, Beacon, Diamond Shamrock, Shamrock, Texaco, and Ultramar brands.

Q2 2026

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Q4 2025

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Valero Energy (VLO): Company Profile, Stock Price, News, Rankings

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Valero Energy

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Greetings and welcome to Valero Energy Corporation third quarter 2025 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are on a listen-only mode. A question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone requires operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Homer Bhullar, Vice President, Investor Relations and Finance. Thank you. You may begin.

Good morning, everyone, and welcome to Valero Energy Corporation's third quarter 2025 earnings conference call. I'm joined today by R. Lane Riggs, Chairman, CEO and President, Jason Fraser, Executive Vice President and CFO, Gary Simmons, Executive Vice President and COO, Rich Walsh, Executive Vice President and General Counsel, as well as several other members of Valero's senior management team. If you have not received a copy of our earnings release, it's available on our website at investorvalero.com. Included with the release are supplemental tables providing detailed financial information for each of our business segments, along with reconciliations and disclosures for any adjusted financial metrics referenced during today's call. If you have any questions after reviewing these materials, please feel free to reach out to our investor relations team. Before we begin, I would like to draw your attention to the forward-looking statement disclaimer included in the press release.

In summary, it says that statements made in the press release and during this conference call that express the company's or management's expectations or forecasts of future events are forward-looking statements and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions under federal securities laws. Actual results may differ from those expressed or implied due to various factors which are outlined in our earnings release and filings with the SEC. I'll now turn the call over to Lane for opening remarks.

Thank you, Homer, and good morning, everyone. We're pleased to report strong financial results for the third quarter, highlighting our long-standing track record of operational and commercial excellence. Our refinery throughput utilization was 97%, with the Gulf Coast and North Atlantic regions setting new all-time highs for throughput, following last quarter's record performance in the Gulf Coast. Refining margins remained well supported by strong global demand and persistently low inventory levels despite high utilization rates. Supply constraints were driven by refinery rationalizations, delayed ramp-ups in new facilities, and ongoing geopolitical disruptions. These market dynamics contributed to the margin strengths despite relatively narrow sour crude differentials. The ethanol segment also delivered a strong quarter, achieving record production and solid earnings. Strategically, we continue to make progress on the FCC unit optimization project at our St. Charles Refinery.

This initiative will enhance our ability to produce high-value product yields, including high octane output. The $230 million project is expected to begin operations in the second half of 2026. Looking ahead, refining fundamentals should remain supported by low inventories and continued supply tightness, with planned refinery closures and limited capacity additions beyond 2025. Our crude differentials are also expected to widen with the increased OPEC+ and Canadian production. In closing, our strong financial results and record operating achievements this quarter are a testament to our commitment to commercial and operational excellence. This, coupled with the strength of our balance sheet, should continue to support strong shareholder returns. With that, Homer, I'll turn the call back over to you.

Thanks, Lane. For the third quarter of 2025, net income attributable to Valero stockholders was $1.1 billion or $3.53 per share, compared to $364 million or $1.14 per share for the third quarter of 2024. Excluding the adjustments shown in the earnings release tables, adjusted net income attributable to Valero stockholders was $1.1 billion or $3.66 per share for the third quarter of 2025, compared to $371 million or $1.16 per share for the third quarter of 2024. The refining segment reported $1.6 billion of operating income for the third quarter of 2025, compared to $565 million for the third quarter of 2024. Adjusted operating income was $1.7 billion for the third quarter of 2025, compared to $568 million for the third quarter of 2024. Refining throughput volumes in the third quarter of 2025 averaged 3.1 million barrels per day or 97% throughput capacity utilization.

Adjusted refining cash operating expenses were $4.71 per barrel. The renewable diesel segment reported an operating loss of $28 million for the third quarter of 2025, compared to operating income of $35 million for the third quarter of 2024. Renewable diesel segment sales volumes averaged 2.7 million gallons per day in the third quarter of 2025. The ethanol segment reported $183 million of operating income for the third quarter of 2025, compared to $153 million for the third quarter of 2024. Ethanol production volumes averaged 4.6 million gallons per day in the third quarter of 2025, achieving record production. For the third quarter of 2025, G&A expenses were $246 million, net interest expense was $139 million, and income tax expense was $390 million.

Depreciation and amortization expense was $836 million, which includes approximately $100 million of incremental depreciation expense related to our plan to cease refining operations at our Benicia refinery next year. Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.9 billion in the third quarter of 2025. Included in this amount was a $325 million favorable impact from working capital and $86 million of adjusted net cash used in operating activities associated with the other joint venture members' share of Diamond Green Diesel Holdings LLC. Excluding these items, adjusted net cash provided by operating activities was $1.6 billion in the third quarter of 2025. Regarding investing activities, we made $409 million of capital investments in the third quarter of 2025, of which $364 million was for sustaining the business, including costs for turnarounds, catalysts, and regulatory compliance, and the balance was for growing the business.

Including capital investments attributable to the other joint venture members' share of Diamond Green Diesel Holdings LLC and other variable interest entities, capital investments attributable to Valero were $382 million in the third quarter of 2025. Moving to financing activities, we returned $1.3 billion to our stockholders in the third quarter of 2025, of which $351 million was paid as dividends and $931 million was for the purchase of approximately 5.7 million shares of common stock, resulting in a payout ratio of 78% for the quarter. Year to date, we have returned over $2.6 billion through dividends and stock buybacks for a payout ratio of 68%. With respect to our balance sheet, we ended the quarter with $8.4 billion of total debt, $2.2 billion of total finance lease obligations, and $4.8 billion of cash and cash equivalents.

The debt-to-capitalization ratio net of cash and cash equivalents was 18% as of September 30, 2025. We ended the quarter well-capitalized with $5.3 billion of available liquidity, excluding cash. Turning to guidance, we expect capital investments attributable to Valero for 2025 to be approximately $1.9 billion, which includes expenditures for turnarounds, catalysts, regulatory compliance, and joint venture investments. About $1.6 billion of that is allocated to sustaining the business and the balance to growth. For modeling our fourth quarter operations, we expect refining throughput volumes to fall within the following ranges: Gulf Coast at 1.78 to 1.83 million barrels per day, Mid-Continent at 420,000 to 440,000 barrels per day, West Coast at 240,000 to 260,000 barrels per day, and North Atlantic at 485,000 to 505,000 barrels per day. We expect refining cash operating expenses in the fourth quarter to be approximately $4.80 per barrel.

For the renewable diesel segment, we expect sales volumes of approximately 258 million gallons in the fourth quarter, reflecting lower production due to economics. Operating expenses should be $0.52 per gallon, including $0.24 per gallon for non-cash costs such as depreciation and amortization. Our ethanol segment is expected to produce 4.6 million gallons per day in the fourth quarter. Operating expenses should average $0.40 per gallon, which includes $0.05 per gallon for non-cash costs such as depreciation and amortization. For the fourth quarter, net interest expense should be about $135 million. Total depreciation and amortization expense in the fourth quarter should be approximately $815 million, which includes approximately $100 million of incremental depreciation expense related to our plan to cease refining operations at our Benicia refinery next year.

We expect this incremental depreciation related to the Benicia refinery to be included in G&A for the next two quarters, resulting in a quarterly earnings impact of approximately $0.25 per share based on current shares outstanding. For 2025, we still expect G&A expenses to be approximately $985 million. That concludes our opening remarks. Before we open the call to questions, please limit each turn in the Q&A to two questions. If you have more than two questions, please rejoin the queue as time permits to ensure other callers have time to ask their questions.

Thank you. The floor is now open for questions. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad at this time. A confirmation tone will indicate that your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up the handset before pressing the star keys. Our first question today is coming from Sam Margolin of Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning, everybody. Thanks for taking the question.

This is a comment from your opening remarks. As you mentioned, not much of a contribution from heavy crude this quarter on differentials. I guess we're like a year into TMX barrels sort of fully flowing, and I wonder if you could share any insights you have into the differential side, as you know kind of 12 months into TMX and then just on the overall kind of availability picture that's emerging into 2026.

Yeah. I would tell you, we've been somewhat, I'll start with TMX, somewhat disappointed that TMX hasn't had as much of an impact on West Coast crude values as it has. Really, ANS didn't come off like we anticipated it would, and most of those barrels are flowing to the Far East. In the broader sense, in terms of quality differentials, we have seen the quality differentials move quite a bit. WCS now trading at a 12% discount to Brent, Maya a 14% discount to Brent. Those had been as narrow as 7% previously in the year. On medium sours, we had seen discounts as narrow as 2.5%. That's widened out closer to an 8% discount. Discounts have certainly moved to the point where we are seeing an economic benefit in our system to running medium and heavy sour crudes. Our expectation is you'll continue to see those widen.

Although OPEC began unwinding their production cuts in April, much of that volume was offset by an increase in summer power burns. It wasn't really until September that we saw any meaningful increase in the export volume from OPEC. The pricing signals that are there still suggest that most of that incremental OPEC volume will be directed towards Asia. However, we've been seeing increased offers to the U.S. market, especially for Iraqi crude. We'll be processing both Basra and Kirkuk during the fourth quarter in our system. The arbitrage to move Mars into Asia has closed. Additionally, we're starting to see Asia push back on some of the Latin American grades, which ultimately is beginning to pressure medium sours in the Gulf Coast. All of those effects are things that we're starting to see in October.

As medium sour discounts widen, you'll see heavy sours react to remain competitive with medium sours. We anticipate that to continue to happen as we move through the fourth quarter. In addition to just OPEC, heavy Canadian production has continued to ramp up, as well as some of the deep water medium sour production in the Gulf. You've seen Chinese demand has been very high for medium and heavy sour barrels as they fill their SPR. At some point in time, you'd expect that to be full and they would back off. I think the real wild card here is, with the headlines on ramp-up and Russian sanctions yesterday. In the past, we felt like sanctions were largely ineffective. They just result in a change in trade flows.

At least if you see the market reaction today, the market believes this round of sanctions could be successful and result in some Russian oil being taken off the market. On paper, OPEC has the capacity to make up that lost supply, but that certainly could be a headwind to quality differentials. However, it would be very bullish for product cracks.

Thank you for all that color. I guess we'll keep it on, you know, industry macro for a second, if that's okay. Just on the capacity queue globally next year, we've encountered some feedback about what looks like a fairly heavy schedule of capacity additions next year after a number of years of kind of, you know, trailing demand or lagging demand. If you have any insights onto the timing of the capacity additions or what you think we can expect reliability-wise or just a change in balances, that would be much appreciated. Thank you.

Yeah. Our numbers would show about 460,000 barrels a day of total light product demand growth next year. Net capacity additions are about 415,000 barrels a day. If you assume somewhere around an 80% total light product yield on crude, you would still have tighter supply-demand balances next year than what you have this year. In addition to that, a lot of the forecasts you see assume that new capacity that started up is going to run at nameplate. We haven't seen them be able to get up to nameplate yet. Our expectation is a lot of that capacity won't hit nameplate next year. Russian capacity is a real wild card here also. A million and a half barrels a day of Russian capacity offline. A lot of the forecasts assume that Russian capacity is up and running, beginning of the year.

Our expectation is it will take longer to get that up and running as well. We expect things to be tighter next year as well.

Thank you. The next question is coming from Manav Gupta of UBS. Please go ahead.

Good morning. I just quickly wanted to follow up on that. We are seeing a massive spike in global outages. Russia, then Gulf, those barrels. I think over the weekend there were issues, you know, where you had Romania having issues. What are you seeing in terms of global product markets out there, all these outages and what they're causing for, you know, the margins out there? If you could talk a little bit about that.

Yeah, Manav, this is Gary. I think, you know, we've seen good export demand all year. The fact that we've been unable to restock inventories in the United States is keeping somewhat of a pull into the domestic markets. The export markets are very good. Continue to see really good export demand for gasoline into Latin America and South America. On the diesel side, you know, a bigger pull into South America than what we've been seeing. Freight has really been volatile. On the export ARBs going to Europe, it's kind of been up and down, and it's really just freight that's kind of been what opens and closes that ARB. If you look today, that ARB is marginally open. While I think you'll start to see a heavier flow going to Europe from the U.S. Gulf Coast on diesel.

Perfect. My quick follow-up is on the capital returns. A big jump in the buybacks. Should we assume if margins remain well above mid-cycle like they are, then your payout ratio remaining the same, you would continue to buy back your stock as you did in the third quarter? If you could talk a little bit about the capital discipline as well as the return to shareholders.

Yeah. Hey, Manav. It's Homer. Absolutely. I mean, we've talked about this for the last several quarters. We've been in this mode where effectively all excess free cash flow goes towards share buybacks. You saw that this quarter as well. You had a small build in cash, but that was largely because of working capital. I think you should continue to assume that we stay in that mode where any excess free cash flow goes towards share repurchases.

Perfect. You have done exactly what you had said, that excess cash will go to shareholders. Thank you for that. Thank you, sir.

Thank you. The next question is coming from Neil Singhvi Mehta of Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Good morning, team. Lane, there's been a lot of talk about crude that's on the water and in transit, and some estimates have it north of 3 million barrels a day if you look at some of the shipping tracking data. You guys have unique visibility into whether that crude is actually on the water. I'd be curious how your commercial team is seeing it, and do you think it's going to land here in OECD or if that moves into China specifically? I say that in the spirit of, to your point of crude differentials potentially starting to widen out, do you start to see that as the factor that could be the catalyst? Maybe you could talk about Iraq in particular because that could be a leading indicator.

Hey, Neil. I'm going to sort of pass the ball over to Gary Simmons to answer that question.

Yeah, Neil. I kind of alluded to that a little bit previously. Where we see the big change is a lot more Iraqi barrels flowing this way. As I mentioned, we have bought Basra. We've also bought Kirkuk. We see that to be a portion of our diet in the fourth quarter and moving forward, which is really the big change that we've seen. Most of the other barrels seem to be making their way to Asia.

All right. We'll keep on watching it. The other question is just on some of the non-refining businesses did better than expected than we expected this quarter. Ethanol continues to perform well. I guess Diamond Green Diesel is getting closer to profitability. Can you talk about both of those businesses and whether there's sustainability at the ethanol margins and whether post the RVO we are on a path back to the black in Diamond Green Diesel?

Yeah. Hey, Neil. This is Eric. Ethanol continues to look positive. I think a lot of that is we've had a record corn crop. Ethanol demand has been strong both domestically and in the export markets. We're seeing the continued interest in countries going from E0 to E10. Canada has gone to E15 in some of the provinces. You see Brazil and India looking at moving from the E20s to the E30s. All of this is creating more ethanol demand in the world. Being the largest exporter of ethanol, that favors our segment pretty well. Cheap feedstock and lots of demand. Ethanol, I think, outlook is good and continues to look good in the future. On DGD, you're exactly right. We've seen throughout the year, there's just been a lot of impact from tariffs and policy downturns in the U.S.

We've seen fat prices rising for the better part of the year. I think just most recently, we are seeing enough rationalization in both biodiesel and renewable diesel where fat prices are finally starting to soften. With that lower fat price, we've seen DGD margins return back to positive EBITDA. That's a good sign. That's a good sign for the fourth quarter. Obviously, with the PTC changing January 1 on all foreign feedstocks as well as SAF, that will be a challenge as we start 2026. I think everyone seems to expect that the RVO will be net positive for renewables. That's a lot of speculation because there is a lot of back and forth on these policies right now. I think the general view is the number is probably going up and will probably be supportive of renewable diesel.

Thank you. The next question is coming from Theresa Chen of Barclays. Please go ahead.

Morning. I wanted to talk about your Pad 3 and Pad 2 assets in light of two major product pipeline binding open seasons that have been announced over the recent weeks to move more volumes from these regions into Pad 5, given ongoing West Coast refinery closures, including your own Benicia facility. If one of these 200,000 barrels per day plus systems were to be built, how do you anticipate this could reshape flows and margin capture across your Gulf Coast and Mid-Continent assets? Is there any volition? Would it make sense for you to be a shipper on one of these pipes?

Yeah, Theresa, this is Gary. We engage in conversation with both the projects that we think could go forward. In both cases, we'll have to wait and see what the final tariff numbers are. It looks like the tariff would be set such that it's competitive versus a Jones Act movement to the West Coast. We believe we can be more competitive with foreign flag waterborne movements into the West Coast. In addition to that, we like the waterborne movements because, one, the volatility on the West Coast, if you take a position on that pipe, you could be shipping into a closed ARB a good portion of the time. We like the waterborne option as well because it allows you to source barrels from anywhere in the world and take advantage of international ARBs that can be open.

We have connectivity through McKee already to El Paso and into Phoenix. We have a lot of that connectivity as well as space on the pipe from Houston to El Paso. I don't think you'll see us participate in those projects.

Here's this, Lane. The second part of that would be you would expect it to firm up the group in the Gulf Coast as barrels do get committed and move west, assuming those projects go through.

Thank you. That's very helpful. Gary, there's been some noise in the DOEs as of recently. Love to get your take on what you're seeing across your domestic distribution channels and your commentary on domestic demand in addition to the color you gave already on exports.

Sure. If you look at our gasoline demand, I think in our system, we would say year-over-year gasoline demand is flat to slightly down, pretty similar to what's in the DOE's. Third quarter, our volumes were flat year-over-year. It looks to us like vehicle miles traveled are up year-over-year, but probably not enough to offset the more efficient automobile fleet. Again, probably flat to slightly down gasoline demand. As I mentioned, export demand looks good. When you look at gasoline fundamentals, in addition to good export demand, the transatlantic ARB to ship from Europe into New York Harbor is closed, and it's actually closed on paper all the way through the first quarter. For this time of year, gasoline fundamentals look about as constructive as you could hope for. Obviously, we've transitioned out of driving season, producing high RVP winter-grade gasoline.

You wouldn't expect a lot of strength in gasoline cracks in the fourth quarter. Jet demand will continue to see good nominations from the airlines. Comparing to the DOE's, which show about a 4% bump in jet demand, that looks consistent with what we're seeing in the market. Finally, on diesel, in our system, in the third quarter, year-over-year sales were up 8%. I don't think that's representative of the broader market. DOE data showing about a 2% year-over-year increase in diesel demand is probably close. We've seen good agricultural demand in our system. That continues. It's harvest season starting to wind down, but then you'll start heating oil season, which again, be a good pop in demand. As I mentioned, good export demand as well. Freight volatility is hindering that, but the demand is there.

Thank you. The next question is coming from Douglas George Blyth Leggate of Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking my questions. Lane, your throughput performance has been extraordinary again. My question is kind of a bigger picture. I guess it's kind of an AI machine learning kind of question. I'm wondering if there's a change going on in how you're running your business, things like planned turnarounds just in time as opposed to the behavioral, you know, once every four year kind of deal. If there's anything happening that would lead us to think some of this throughput performance could be sustainable, not just for you, but perhaps for the broader industry.

Yeah, Doug, I'm going to have Greg Bram sort of start off on this question.

Hey, Doug. The journey you're talking about related to how we plan turnarounds, we've embarked on that for, gosh, probably at least a decade. I wouldn't say there's a shift there, but we definitely have reaped some benefits from kind of the approach we take now, which aligns with the way you described it. If you want to talk about AI in general, I'd say that we're probably cautiously optimistic about how that can help us further improve our availability. We're evaluating a number of places where we could use that technology, as you'd expect, focusing on areas where we think we can create some tangible value. We've deployed that in some of those new techniques and a few applications.

I think one of the key learnings that we picked up as we've embarked on looking at AI machine learning applications is that you really have to have good quality data of your operation to have successful use of that kind of a tool. I think it's an advantage for us because we've embarked on an effort to improve that data and gather that data in a consistent way, consistent practices across our system, again, probably 10 or 15 years ago. Having that data makes the opportunity to try to use that to make further improvements more real. We start from a good place. You've mentioned the quality of our operation today, good performance to start with, but again, some optimism that AI-type techniques can help us make some further improvements.

I appreciate the answer. I guess we're trying to figure out if we should lift our expectations of mid-cycle throughput for Valero. I guess that was at the root of my question, but I appreciate the insights. My follow-up, and I apologize to Homer specifically because I've had a couple of chances to talk to him this morning about this already, but I'm trying to understand what's going on with cash flow because your tax rate is obviously up a little bit on mix. If we look at the translation of your earnings to your cash flow, a big beat on earnings didn't show up on cash flow. We're trying to figure out if there's some transitory issues in there.

I don't necessarily go into all the specifics, but is cash tax part of that, or was there another reason that this might be seen as a transitory quarter from that standpoint? Maybe for Jason.

Hey, Doug. It's Homer. You'll see this when you see the Q file, but part of that is some, you know, like PTC, for example, you book it within earnings, and then obviously the payment comes in later. You'll see that as a deduct from net cash flow from operations. That's one of the big variances. You'll see that when you see the statement of cash flows in the Q.

No tax issue, Homer? No temporary tax issues?

There might be some small deferred tax items, but nothing that's substantial.

All right. We'll have to wait in the queue. Thank you so much, guys. Appreciate it.

Thank you. The next question is coming from Ryan Todd of Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

Good. Thanks. Maybe one on refining utilization. U.S. refining utilization has been quite strong versus historical norms over the last six months. Any thoughts on drivers of this, whether it's an impact of exiting a period of heavy maintenance over the last couple of years? Any thoughts on whether there are suggestions that this or that would prevent this from normalizing as we head into next year, or are there reasons to believe that we can, the U.S. system can continue to run in running this hard?

Yeah, this is Ryan from Lane for you. You're talking about just the U.S. industry refining utilization has improved over the last two years?

Yeah, I mean, it's been very strong this year, like over the last four or five months.

I’ll start and let Gary or Greg tune me afterwards. I think we started on the journey, I'm going to say 15 years ago, to work extensively on our reliability, and we actually showed that this could be done. I think a lot of the rest of the industry is sort of working on the same things, and they're getting better at it and being more careful in their execution. The systems are getting better, whether, like the previous question from Doug, how many people are using something that they might call AI? I don't know, but there are systems out there to let you execute turnarounds better, do your maintenance better, have some predictive capabilities with respect to failure mechanisms, which all that improves what we actually term is availability, even through even better scheduling, things like this.

I think that generally, yeah, the industry has done a little better job on this. That's how I would answer it.

Yeah. The only thing I might add, Lane, or maybe the only other thing I would add, you know, the only thing I think about when I think about this past summer versus some of the previous periods is we didn't really have a lot of extreme weather throughout the summer. Refineries run well when you kind of got nice, nice ambient conditions. I think we all have been incented to run hard for, you know, throughout these different periods. It could be maintenance part of it. It could just be that, you know, when you're not dealing with a lot of really hot temperatures, you can definitely tune up the operation and geek out that last little bit. I don't have proof of that, but when I think about how our operation runs, I can see that being a positive impact this past summer.

That's a great point. Hurricane, we have not had any hurricane activity to speak of in the Gulf.

Right. Thank you. Maybe one other as we think about the fourth quarter here, during the third quarter, there were a number of things that were, I mean, you had a great quarter, but there were a number of things that were, you know, I would say, like modest headwinds on margin capture, whether it was narrow crude differentials, crude backgradation, some West Coast jet fuel dynamics, and secondary products, etc. Many of these appear to have, you know, reversed or improved here early on in the fourth quarter. Any thoughts on direction of some of these trends that may impact the type of capture or profitability that we see during the fourth quarter and what looks like a pretty strong environment?

Yeah. Ryan, it's Greg. Yeah, it's early for the fourth quarter, right? You did mention a few of the things that have turned more favorable as we've gotten started out here in October. You know, a couple of things I always think about as we approach the winter season, you know, we'll blend more butane into gasoline as RVP shifts to winter specifications. That tends to create some uplift on margin capture. I think it's also worth noting, while there have been a number of things that have moved favorably, you still have some pretty weak secondary products. Naptha has turned a bit weaker. Propylene continues to be fairly weak. There are a few things out there that have not really turned positively yet as we've started out in the quarter.

Thank you. The next question is coming from Paul Chang of Scotiabank. Please go ahead.

Just before my question, just curious and have a comment. I was surprised that you guys didn't increase your G&A full year. I thought with the strong earnings that you guys are going to increase your bonus accrual. I was surprised. Maybe that is a part of the cost saving from Lane.

I told Homer that this is not going to be cut as my question anyway.

Okay. My question is actually that in the third quarter, I think part of the issue related to the margin capture is on the octane value compared to the second quarter, I think has come down. Just curious if you guys would be able to share some insight, what happened and then whether you think that will continue that trend. Secondly, I want to go back into not so much about just AI, but also robotic technology and all that.

Lane and the team or Greg, do you guys think that we are seeing all this new technology now available to you is more evolution or that it's going to transform the way how you guys may conduct business, not just in the refining side, but also in your back office, in your trading commercial as such that, I mean, we have seen your upstream counterparts, some of them that announced some pretty sizable cost reduction effort because of the new technology. Just want to see where we stand for you guys or for the industry.

Maybe I'll take the Naptha question and let Greg take the second one. You know, or the octane question, sorry. When we look at octane, we tend to view that it trades at an inverse to Naptha. What you really had in the last quarter was Naptha got a little bit stronger. I think there's several reasons for that. You had less Naptha coming out of Russia. You had some of the Naptha from the U.S. Gulf Coast going back to Venezuela as diluent. You're seeing a little bit more Naptha pull to Asia into the pet chem market. When Naptha is weak, there's a big incentive to try to blend it into gasoline, and that takes octane to do it. When Naptha gets stronger, there's less of an incentive. Although the octane regrade was a little bit weaker, it probably helped set up stronger gasoline fundamentals.

All right, Paul. This is Greg. On the question around robotic automation and AI, I think maybe we don't talk about this a lot, but we've been using those techniques and further expanding the use of those techniques over time, as they make sense in terms of improving efficiency. It improves our ability to inspect equipment, certainly to execute some of the work that we do. That will continue to grow, I suspect. Some of these new techniques will create more opportunity to use those tools going forward, which is kind of back to the answer before. I think there will be some improvement that comes from some of this new technology and these new techniques that are out there.

If you start from a really good place like we do, it's going to be harder to find a lot of big opportunities there, but we're certainly focused on trying to find ones that make good sense from a value standpoint.

Paul, I'll add to it. The only, you know, some examples of those things is we, like many other people in the industry, have been using robotics with respect to tank cleaning. I could see where the upstream guys would really, that would really help them. The other thing that we've used is drones for inspection. Like if you go into a, today we get into a big structure on an FCC unit and we can actually just, rather than have to get in, scaffold up to a particular location that might be problematic, we can put a drone in, float up, look at it, get, you know, understand that situation without having to, we may have to go back in and put scaffold it, but now we understand the scope of work. There's certainly things like that.

Within our systems, we're always trying to think about ways to consolidate our control rooms and work on being more efficient with the operators that we have, and some of which has to do with, you know, technology improvement.

Thank you. The next question is coming from Jason Daniel Gabelman of Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks. Good morning, and thanks for taking my question. I want to start on the refining side. With the strength and the diesel crack, can you talk about the ability to maintain the strong, I think it was 38% or 39% diesel yield level going forward? As part of that, the crude slate got a bit lighter quarter over quarter, but the diesel yield also stepped up, which I was hoping you could talk to as well. Thank you.

I'll start with the second one, I think. Actually, I can probably cover both of them. Yeah, Joe, we've had strong diesel yield, you know, that 38%, 39%. It's not too far from where we've run in the past. It reflects a mode of operation where we're maximizing diesel production or distillate production over gasoline. Again, as we kind of tuned up the operation and ran very well in the quarter, I think you saw us reach some of the highest levels that I think we can achieve with the current hardware we have. Sustainable, we can probably stick in this range with continued strong operations like we had. Remind me, Joe, what was the second part of that question?

Yeah, I was just asking about the crude slate got a bit lighter quarter over quarter, but you're able to step up the distillate yield. I was just hoping to get a little bit of thoughts on that.

Yeah. No, you know, it did get a little bit lighter, but I think in some of the places where we lightened up, we were still able to, you know, the growth was more on the jet side than on the diesel side. We were able to kind of drop that back into the Naptha, into the jet, still make a distillate product, and had good incentive to do so. I'm not sure that the slate itself, if I were to try to back in it, and I haven't tried to back into, you know, what was the total available distillate yield, but I don't know that it was a big enough shift in some of the places where we got lighter that would have had a material impact on our distillate, our yield there.

Great. That's helpful. Eric, I want to shift to RD, and as we wait for clarity on the RVO and the SRE reallocation, can you talk to how you're thinking about the path for D4 RINs here? As part of that, is there a level that you think it needs to rise to to incentivize the marginal producer?

Yeah, I think it's one of those things where there's more variables than knowns. I mean, there's any number of combinations of a number, an SRE, a reallocation, and a final number. Any combination of those numbers, the current number is 3.3 billion D4s. I think if you go back and look at the original premise of keeping the BD producer break even with a $1 BTC, they've done a lot of work this year with removing ILUC out of the model for soybean oil. They gave a small producer benefit, which I think counts almost every single BD producer. I think they're around $0.70 to $0.80 versus that $1 last year. This last $0.20 is probably, if you took that to a D4 RIN, you probably need RINs to go up something like $0.25 to $0.30 to get BD back to break even.

That's kind of how I see it. Any combination of the math that gets to that kind of number essentially satisfies the original design of trying to keep BD operational. What that number translates out to RINs is a number higher than today. One of the challenges, I think, as they're trying to figure out this math is 2025 D4 RIN production is down versus last year. We have a current target of 3.3. If we underperform that number, we will consume the bank early into next year. Depending on how high you set that number, it's very difficult to pick exactly where you'll meet that BD requirement, but not overshoot and then create an impact to overall diesel prices. I think that's kind of the challenge of how this works.

If I try to anchor on something, I go back to the $1 BTC and where was the BD producer and where are they today. I think there's still a gap there. Clearly, with the trade issue with China and soybean oil and soybeans in general, how that plays into this is really difficult to predict. I think the math is something like that.

Great. Thanks. Yeah, I realize there's a lot of moving pieces, but I appreciate your thoughts. Thanks.

Thank you. The next question is coming from Philip Jungworth of BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Good morning. Specific to the heavy sour mix in the Gulf Coast, can you just talk through the moving pieces here with Mexico production declining, the Venezuela uncertainty? I assume that wasn't any help in the quarter, also just Canada TMX capacity, and how fuel imports might be helping replace some of these barrels in your Gulf Coast system. Maybe also just touch on Koger margins with high diesel cracks, but also still tight differentials.

Yeah. Overall, we do see declining production from Mexico. Our volumes from Mexico aren't really down much yet, but they continue to forecast that we'll see declining production from Mexico. A lot of that is being made up with additional volumes from Canada as they continue to ramp up production and fill the pipeline capacity coming to the Gulf. I would say those somewhat offset each other. We do have Venezuelan barrels back in the mix, which is helping. The additional OPEC+ production, as I alluded to, getting the Basra barrels and Kirkuk barrels, all that really, I think you'll see in the fourth quarter a heavier crude diet than what we had in the third quarter, filling out a lot of our conversion capacity.

Valero Energy (VLO) Q3 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

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