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Goldman Sachs says this ‘Goldilocks’ stock market could be in for a shock before the end of the year

Jim Edwards
By
Jim Edwards
Jim Edwards
Executive Editor, Global News
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Jim Edwards
By
Jim Edwards
Jim Edwards
Executive Editor, Global News
Down Arrow Button Icon
September 29, 2025, 7:49 AM ET
“There is a risk that Goldilocks meets one of the three bears,” Goldman says.
“There is a risk that Goldilocks meets one of the three bears,” Goldman says. Murguia Photgraphy/Getty Images

In a note headlined “Goldilocks continues to escape the bears,” Christian Mueller-Glissmann and his team at Goldman Sachs argued this morning that the stock market continues to be boosted by optimism around AI and tech companies. At the same time, investors are enjoying an environment in which the U.S. Federal Reserve is expected to deliver at least one—and maybe two—more rounds of cheaper money this year.

A Goldilocks economy is, as the name might suggest, something of a fairy-tale scenario: The economy is neither too hot (leading to rampant inflation) nor too cold (leading to slowing growth). It is, as the story goes, “just right.”

But Goldilocks could be in for a shock before the end of the year, Mueller-Glissmann wrote. “There is a risk that Goldilocks meets one of the three bears,” he says. 

The S&P 500 closed up 0.59% on Friday, close to its all-time high. S&P futures were up a solid 0.53% this morning prior to the opening bell, so investors are indeed in a good mood. 

They are not alone. Cleveland Fed President Beth Hammack told CNBC this morning that she doesn’t see the market pricing in a “material drawback” anytime soon. And SoFi’s head of investment strategy, Liz Thomas, recently published a fascinating comparison between today’s S&P 500 and that of the late 1990s, immediately prior to the end of the dotcom bubble. The two markets are spookily similar to each other, she says, but “the clearest takeaway here is if the two cycles do end up resembling each other, we’ve still got some runway before this market rally loses steam.”

So what are the bears Goldman Sachs is worrying about? They are …

  • “A growth shock,” owing to increased unemployment or “disappointments on AI.”
  • “A rate shock,” a result of the Fed not delivering more rate cuts.
  • “A new dollar bear,” in which the greenback loses another 10% of its value (as it did in the first half of this year), which would hurt foreign investors in U.S. stocks—and turn them away from the American market.

Fear not! (At least in the short-term.) “So far none of those shocks have materialized,” Mueller-Glissmann says. But “we think the risk of growth and rate shocks into year-end remains.”

Here’s a snapshot of the markets ahead of the opening bell in New York this morning:

  • S&P 500 futures were up 0.5% this morning. The index closed up 0.59% in its last session.
  • The STOXX Europe 600 was up 0.23% in early trading. 
  • The U.K.’s FTSE 100 was up 0.58% in early trading.
  • Japan’s Nikkei 225 was down 0.69%.
  • China’s CSI 300 was up 1.54%.
  • The South Korea KOSPI was up 1.33%.
  • India’s Nifty 50 was flat before the end of the session.
  • Bitcoin rose to $112K.
Fortune Brainstorm AI returns to San Francisco Dec. 8–9 to convene the smartest people we know—technologists, entrepreneurs, Fortune Global 500 executives, investors, policymakers, and the brilliant minds in between—to explore and interrogate the most pressing questions about AI at another pivotal moment. Register here.
About the Author
Jim Edwards
By Jim EdwardsExecutive Editor, Global News
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Jim Edwards is the executive editor for global news at Fortune. He was previously the editor-in-chief of Business Insider's news division and the founding editor of Business Insider UK. His investigative journalism has changed the law in two U.S. federal districts and two states. The U.S. Supreme Court cited his work on the death penalty in the concurrence to Baze v. Rees, the ruling on whether lethal injection is cruel or unusual. He also won the Neal award for an investigation of bribes and kickbacks on Madison Avenue.

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