Significantly more Americans own a home now than a decade ago, but the disparity between Black homeownership rates and those of other racial and ethnic groups has grown wider, according to the National Association of Realtors.
Overall, U.S. homeownership increased over the decade to 2022, with 10.5 million more homeowners across the country, the study by the trade group found, drawing on Census data. Asian Americans experienced the sharpest increase over the period, with ownership rates soaring to a historic high of 63.3%. Hispanic Americans saw a gain of 3.2 million households, to reach a new peak of 51.1%.
While Black Americans also saw homeownership advance, the gain was modest. And at 44.1%, their rate is notably lower than that for Asian, Hispanic, and white Americans. The gap between Black and white homeowners—the highest among the four major groups—widened by a percentage point from 2012, to 28 percentage points.
“Minority homeownership gained ground,” Jessica Lautz, NAR deputy chief economist and vice president of research, said in a statement. “While the gains should be celebrated, the pathway into homeownership remains arduous for minority buyers.”
NAR analysis showed 55% of Asian and 51% of Black and Hispanic homeowners were first-time buyers, something that places them at a particular disadvantage in a market marked by high prices and limited supply. That’s because first-timers “must rely on down-payment sources beyond gained housing equity,” Lautz said.
Other challenges for would-be buyers of color include difficulties in saving for a down payment—as they typically spend higher proportions of their income on rent and paying back student loans.
Black homebuyers, for instance, reported the highest levels of student-loan debt among all groups, with 41% carrying a record high median debt of $46,000, while 29% of Hispanic buyers had student loan debt with a median of $33,000. The NAR has also cited data showing Black Americans draw on pension or 401(k) savings more than any other group.
Citing data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the NAR last year said Black and Hispanic homebuyers face additional barriers in securing mortgages, such as higher denial rates compared with their white and Asian counterparts.
For those who do obtain mortgages, interest rates tend to be higher on average, Tuesday’s report showed. For loans originated in 2022, 20% for Black homebuyers and 21% for Hispanic homebuyers exceeded 6%, in contrast with lower percentages among Asian and white borrowers.