• Home
  • Latest
  • Fortune 500
  • Finance
  • Tech
  • Leadership
  • Lifestyle
  • Rankings
  • Multimedia

Trendingnow

1

Gen Z fled San Francisco for Texas and Florida. Now they’re turning ‘welcomer cities’ into the next big tech towns

2

Anthropic disables Fable and Mythos AI models after U.S. government bars it from giving foreigners access

3

Melinda French Gates' advice to new IPO millionaires: 'Give half your money away'

1

Gen Z fled San Francisco for Texas and Florida. Now they’re turning ‘welcomer cities’ into the next big tech towns

2

Anthropic disables Fable and Mythos AI models after U.S. government bars it from giving foreigners access

3

Melinda French Gates' advice to new IPO millionaires: 'Give half your money away'
FinanceBanks

Why growing student debt woes won’t lead to a lending crunch

By
Stephen Gandel
Stephen Gandel
Down Arrow Button Icon
By
Stephen Gandel
Stephen Gandel
Down Arrow Button Icon
September 24, 2015, 3:06 PM ET
JPMorgan Chase
A man carrying a briefcase walks past the JPMorgan Chase & Co. headquarters.Photograph by Ron Antonelli — Bloomberg via Getty Images

Student loans are the new big bank worry.

On Thursday, The Wall Street Journal reported that a federal program to provide debt relief for people who are struggling to pay off their student debt could not only cause problems for the student loan market but slow bank lending in general. The Journal story said there was $1.27 trillion in outstanding student loans, and $371 billion of that total was in the most troubled program. The paper said that just $203 million in student loan bond deals had been done in the first half of the year, down 95% from $4 billion the year before.

The problem with the student loan market is that the government, in order to reduce the debt burden, has recently capped the annual maximum that borrowers have to pay at 15% of their income. Any interest owed above that can be deferred. That’s making the loans less attractive to investors, who like getting paid what they are owed on time. So, some banks are having trouble turning the loans into bonds, which is a way banks sell loans to investors so they can get money to issue new loans.

But this is only affecting just under $400 billion worth of existing student loans. That’s because back in 2010 the government took over student loan origination, and the feds are okay lending based on the new income-based rules. So, what’s going on is not going to slow the government’s student lending, which is, even with the income limits, reportedly very profitable for Uncle Sam.

Banks do cut back lending when they start to see losses. But that’s not going to happen in the student loan market. That’s because all of the loans in the portion of the student debt market that people are worried about are backed by the government. The credit ratings services Moody’s and Fitch have put $36 billion of bonds tied to student loans on review for a downgrade. That’s in part because all of the student loans in question are guaranteed by the government. So lenders or bond holders will get their money back; it just might take longer than expected.

 

What about a slowdown in other kinds of lending? That’s not likely to happen, either. First of all, student loans make up a very small part of the overall lending market. Banks currently have nearly $16 trillion in assets, of which $8.4 trillion are in loans. But very few of those are student loans. Other student loans are owned by investors and specialty finance companies. The largest owner of student debt is Navient, which specializes in student loans and holds $100 billion worth. Other big banks have much less. JPMorgan Chase, for instance, has just $4.5 billion in student loans, accounting for less than 1% of its $700 billion in outstanding loans.

Other securitization markets are working just fine. And securitization isn’t the only one way that banks fund new lending. The other way is deposits. And right now the ratio of loans-to-deposits for all banks is just 77%. For JPMorgan, for instance, it’s even lower, at just under 60%, meaning that for every $100 JPMorgan has in deposits, it is lending out only $60. Banks have a lot more room to boost lending, even if it is getting harder to securitized student loans, which, again, is a small market to begin with.

Unsurprisingly, then, none of this appears to be slowing bank lending, which rose by $186 billion, or 2.2%, in the second quarter alone. Credit card, auto, and mortgage loans were all up.

The housing bust caused such a big problem for the banks because mortgage debt is huge. At the peak, there was something like $11 trillion in outstanding housing debt. Even today, the banks still hold around $2.5 trillion in debt tied to homes. And that’s why banks ran into trouble during the housing crisis. Few other lending markets are nearly as big. The commercial loan market is, and that’s about it.

There will certainly be some losers in the student loan market. Navient’s stock price has fallen 30% this year. And its shares trade at a price-to-earnings ratio of 5, far lower than the market in general. This indicates that investors are nervous about Navient’s growth prospects. But investors in the student loan market should have known for a while that the government had the right to impose income caps. This also doesn’t mean we can ignore the student debt problem, though a recent report from the Federal Reserve found that new student debt was slowing.

But none of that means the banks, or lending, is in trouble.

About the Author
By Stephen Gandel
See full bioRight Arrow Button Icon

Latest in Finance

Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025

Most Popular

Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Fortune Secondary Logo
Rankings
  • 100 Best Companies
  • Fortune 500
  • Global 500
  • Fortune 500 Europe
  • Most Powerful Women
  • World's Most Admired Companies
  • See All Rankings
  • Lists Calendar
Sections
  • Finance
  • Fortune Crypto
  • Features
  • Leadership
  • Health
  • Commentary
  • Success
  • Retail
  • Mpw
  • Tech
  • Lifestyle
  • CEO Initiative
  • Asia
  • Politics
  • Conferences
  • Europe
  • Newsletters
  • Personal Finance
  • Environment
  • Magazine
  • Education
Customer Support
  • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Customer Service Portal
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms Of Use
  • Single Issues For Purchase
  • International Print
Commercial Services
  • Advertising
  • Fortune Brand Studio
  • Fortune Analytics
  • Fortune Conferences
  • Business Development
  • Group Subscriptions
About Us
  • About Us
  • Press Center
  • Work At Fortune
  • Terms And Conditions
  • Site Map
  • About Us
  • Press Center
  • Work At Fortune
  • Terms And Conditions
  • Site Map
  • Facebook icon
  • Twitter icon
  • LinkedIn icon
  • Instagram icon
  • Pinterest icon

Latest in Finance

Middle-aged adults taking GLP-1s for obesity can save over $192K on lifetime medical costs, higher if they don’t have college degrees, new study finds
HealthHealth
Middle-aged adults taking GLP-1s for obesity can save over $192K on lifetime medical costs, higher if they don’t have college degrees, new study finds
By Mia OsmonbekovJune 14, 2026
2 hours ago
U.S.’s screwworm fix is still a year away, risking more spread
North AmericaAgriculture
U.S.’s screwworm fix is still a year away, risking more spread
By Ilena Peng and BloombergJune 13, 2026
11 hours ago
The hottest debate on Wall Street right now: Does the flood of mega-IPOs and new shares signal a downturn ahead? That depends
InvestingIPOs
The hottest debate on Wall Street right now: Does the flood of mega-IPOs and new shares signal a downturn ahead? That depends
By Jason MaJune 13, 2026
11 hours ago
You can ignore AI giants like SpaceX, but your 401(k) won’t
Investingindex funds
You can ignore AI giants like SpaceX, but your 401(k) won’t
By Stan Choe and The Associated PressJune 13, 2026
13 hours ago
Trump says he’ll sign deal with Iran to reopen Hormuz Sunday
PoliticsIran
Trump says he’ll sign deal with Iran to reopen Hormuz Sunday
By Arsalan Shahla, Maria Paula Mijares Torres and BloombergJune 13, 2026
16 hours ago
A deal to the end the U.S.-Iran war could be finalized within 24 hours. Tehran wants to charge ships crossing Hormuz ‘for services rendered’
Middle EastIran
A deal to the end the U.S.-Iran war could be finalized within 24 hours. Tehran wants to charge ships crossing Hormuz ‘for services rendered’
By The Associated PressJune 13, 2026
20 hours ago

Most Popular

Gen Z fled San Francisco for Texas and Florida. Now they’re turning ‘welcomer cities’ into the next big tech towns
Real Estate
Gen Z fled San Francisco for Texas and Florida. Now they’re turning ‘welcomer cities’ into the next big tech towns
By Sydney LakeJune 13, 2026
1 day ago
Anthropic disables Fable and Mythos AI models after U.S. government bars it from giving foreigners access
AI
Anthropic disables Fable and Mythos AI models after U.S. government bars it from giving foreigners access
By Jeremy KahnJune 13, 2026
1 day ago
Melinda French Gates' advice to new IPO millionaires: 'Give half your money away'
Startups & Venture
Melinda French Gates' advice to new IPO millionaires: 'Give half your money away'
By Emma HinchliffeJune 13, 2026
1 day ago
SpaceX CFO Bret Johnsen quietly engineered its historic IPO and became an overnight billionaire
C-Suite
SpaceX CFO Bret Johnsen quietly engineered its historic IPO and became an overnight billionaire
By Sasha RogelbergJune 13, 2026
1 day ago
Trump expects to sign a deal with Iran on Sunday, but Tehran may want to avoid giving him a gift on his birthday
Middle East
Trump expects to sign a deal with Iran on Sunday, but Tehran may want to avoid giving him a gift on his birthday
By Jason MaJune 13, 2026
14 hours ago
U.S. energy secretary says 7 million barrels of oil exiting Persian Gulf daily, but Chevron CEO rebuts the claim
Energy
U.S. energy secretary says 7 million barrels of oil exiting Persian Gulf daily, but Chevron CEO rebuts the claim
By Jordan BlumJune 12, 2026
2 days ago

© 2026 Fortune Media IP Limited. All Rights Reserved. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy | CA Notice at Collection and Privacy Notice | Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information
FORTUNE is a trademark of Fortune Media IP Limited, registered in the U.S. and other countries. FORTUNE may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Offers may be subject to change without notice.