FORTUNE — After Apple’s (AAPL) quarterly report last week nearly every analyst we heard from pointed out that the company’s 37.5% gross margin — the measure of how efficiently a company turns sales into profits — was at very bottom of its 37.5%-to-38.5% forecast range.
The analysts offered a variety explanations, but most attributed the reduced margins to increased competition from Samsung and other manufacturers of Android smartphones and tablets.
But there’s a simpler answer: China.
I don’t know who hit on this theory first, because Wall Street analysts never credit their competitors’ scoops.
- Asymco’s Horace Dediu had it in a post called Margin Call 2 that was time-stamped Thursday, April 25 at 2:38 a.m.
- Wells Fargo’s Maynard Um offered the same explanation in a note to clients issued later that morning.
- Morgan Stanley’s Katy Huberty wrote about it on Tuesday April 30, five days later.
The theory is this: On the last day of the quarter Tim Cook, to appease government-owned media outlets that for two weeks had been attacking Apple on a daily basis, issued an apology to his Chinese customers and changed Apple’s warranty and return policies — among other things, extending the warranties on any iPhone brought in for repair in China for a full year.
At the same time, according to the company’s SEC Form 10-Q, Apple booked $414 million in so-called warranty accruals to account for the impact of changes to certain unnamed “service policies and other estimated warranty costs.” That $414 million came directly out of last quarter’s iPhone revenue and reduced the company’s overall gross margin by nearly 1 percentage point.
Morgan Stanley’s Huberty estimates that if it weren’t for China’s media campaign and Cook’s response, Apple would have reported a gross margin of approximately 38.4% — just shy of the top of its guidance range.
How the market would have reacted the next day to the higher margins, we will never know.