There is a large body of academic work that describes how individuals and families consume, save, and plan over their lifetime.  The broad name of the field is Life-Cycle Hypothesis. In the simplest terms,  an individual behaves in predictable ways over his or her lifetime. He buys a home, invest in stocks, has children, reaches his peak income, among many things, in predictable ways over his lifetimes. For the healthcare sector, it’s important to remember that people also age, which begins an accelerating cycle of doctor visits, medications, and hospital stays. The key point though is that these consumption patterns are distinct at discrete age groups. Looking then at the historic pattern of peaks and troughs of births tells a story of predictable consumption in the future.

What makes these consumption patterns worth thinking about is the wide variation in birth trends over the last 100 years, including the last five years of declines in the United States. Birth trends fell in the 1920s and 1930s, which has been a present day problem for nursing homes and senior living in recent years as the growth in their key customer base has slowed. The Baby Boom following WWII led to the great healthcare boom of the 1990s and early 2000s as Boomers aged through the period in their life when healthcare consumption begins to accelerate in earnest.  It helped too that they had reached peak earnings (late 40s) and peak disposable income (50s).

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For hospital companies, birth trends play a major role in admission trends, making up over 20% of the total hospital admissions.  While there have been many issues facing hospitals including reimbursement pressure from states cutting Medicaid, cuts to Medicare written into the Affordable Care Act, and pressure from private insurers through rates and rising out of pocket expenses for their enrollees, the slowdown in births has been the least discussed.

Our analysis shows that over the last five years, the difference between the predicted number of births, based on per capita birth rates by age and the number of women entering child bearing years, and actual births has created a cummulative deficit of between 530,000 and 1,600,000 babies not being born. Considering that there were 4.3 million births in 2007, the magnitude is indeed relevant. Further, uncovering where the inflection point of a recovery is in the furture will be a meaningful catalyst for admission trends for hospitals. In addition to slowing birth-related admissions, hospitals have experienced pressure on admissions from everything from knee replacements to cardiovascular surgeries.

Our best forecast about the timing of a recovery in births in the United States is that we will see them turn positive in the fourth quarter this year. However, over the next two quarters, trends will remain soft and in fact appear to be weakening further sequentially.  This will have a negative impact on hospital admission trends, revenues, and earnings. Weighing the short-term weakness against the longer term acceleration will be our key focus over the next few quarters.