However, with market expectations shifting higher—as well as bond yields increasing—Warsh and the FOMC will face renewed credibility questions if they don’t act.

10-year Treasury yields sit over 5.1% at the time of writing. The 30-year Treasury is above 5.4%. As Deutsche Bank’s Jim Reid said to clients this morning, the 10-year sell-off marked the “biggest daily jump since the market turmoil after Liberation Day in April 2025, taking it up to a post-2007 high.”

“A weak 5yr auction also didn’t help matters,” Reid added, “with yields up to their intraday highs after $70bn of notes were sold at 5.03%, +3.1bps above the pre-sale yield.”

Inflation expectations are also adding fuel to the fire. Markets had been cautiously optimistic for some good news on this front, with U.S and Iran negotiators meeting this week—heralding a potential de-escalation of the conflict in the Middle East and a normalization of oil prices.

Signs of an agreement remain elusive: Iran’s President Masoud Pezeshkian told the U.N. yesterday that it would never “bend the knee” but signaled it was ready for “ready for dialogue and diplomacy.” President Trump said he faced a decision: negotiating or “annihilat[ing]” the regime.

Oil prices have been tracking higher as the conversations continue, briefly hitting $108 per barrel of Brent crude this morning. Previously, analysts had suggested this week was a hinging moment for oil in the medium term.

Macquarie’s Thierry Wizman wrote in a note Tuesday: “Agreements and accords that come out of [the] meetings may determine whether the war continues and intensifies or whether an off-ramp is found.”

The oil question

Wizman added: “The direction of crude oil prices still bears on what happens to inflation globally and the decisions taken by central banks in response. We have seen every major central bank (including the U.S.’s Fed) cite either energy prices or “geopolitics” as a driver of decision-making going forward. It is the key reason behind recent “hawkish” rhetoric.”

And there lies Warsh’s conundrum. The FOMC has demonstrated with a hike at its last meeting that it is no longer willing to “look through” the supply-side inflation shock that the Middle East is creating—at least, it is not willing to overlook it to the detriment of the wider economy.

But President Trump’s response following the September meeting was telling. He implied that Warsh was still on the dovish side but that he was voting with the consensus out of submission rather than agreement. Trump also claimed the committee was acting politically, an unwelcome comment amid the Fed’s continued battle to demonstrate and protect its independence.

Bank of America’s U.S. economics team suggested hiking—even if it drew the ire of the White House—might be “expedient” for this reason. In a note last week, the team wrote: “Fed hikes looked politically challenging a few months ago, but they increasingly seem like an opportunity for Chair Warsh to burnish his legacy. We stick to our call for two more, in Oct and Dec.”

“The robustness of the nominal economy both increases the risks of inflation persistence and reduces the risks that hikes will cause a recession. However, if supply shocks prove persistent, the Fed might eventually have to choose between an extended inflation overshoot and a hard landing.”