• Home
  • Latest
  • Fortune 500
  • Finance
  • Tech
  • Leadership
  • Lifestyle
  • Rankings
  • Multimedia

Trendingnow

1

MacKenzie Scott alone accounted for one-third of America's $19.2 billion in megagifts last year

2

Elon Musk on MacKenzie Scott giving away $26 billion of her fortune: 'Sadly,' it makes the world a worse place

3

Philanthropy leader at Warren Buffett and Bill Gates’ Giving Pledge says children of billionaires are pushing them to give their wealth away faster

1

MacKenzie Scott alone accounted for one-third of America's $19.2 billion in megagifts last year

2

Elon Musk on MacKenzie Scott giving away $26 billion of her fortune: 'Sadly,' it makes the world a worse place

3

Philanthropy leader at Warren Buffett and Bill Gates’ Giving Pledge says children of billionaires are pushing them to give their wealth away faster
Personal FinanceRetirement

Gen Z and millennials are outpacing older generations in 401(k) contributions because they’re so worried they’ll never be able to retire

By
Jane Thier
Jane Thier
Down Arrow Button Icon
By
Jane Thier
Jane Thier
Down Arrow Button Icon
August 10, 2023, 11:48 AM ET
woman looking at laptop
Contribution rates can give us a glimpse into how 401(k) plan participants feel about retirement.Sergey Mironov - Getty Images
Add Fortune on Google for similar content.

If building wealth is an obstacle course for Gen Z and millennials, they’re willing to jump all the hurdles. The youngest generations contributed more to their 401(k)s last quarter than anyone else at a time when the promise of retirement has never felt less hollow.

Recommended Video

That’s according to Bank of America’s Q2 2023 Participant Pulse report, released Tuesday, which found that Americans’ average 401(k) balances have increased by $7,250—nearly 10%—since the end of 2022. This quarter, many more of the 4 million workers BofA analyzed increased their contribution rate than decreased it. That push was led by the youngest workers, who contributed more than any other age group: 19.3% of Gen Zers upped their contributions, as did 11% of millennials, compared to 9.7% of Gen Xers and just 7.8% of baby boomers.

The momentum among Gen Z and millennials (fewer than 3% of them decreased contribution rates this year) contributing to their 401(k)s is exciting given that older generations usually outpace their younger colleagues both in 401(k) plan participation and contribution, says Lisa Margeson, managing director of external affairs, retirement research, and insights at BofA. Contribution rates can give us a glimpse into how 401(k) plan participants feel about retirement, she tells Fortune.

For young professionals, those feelings stem from the economic hardships they’ve weathered in early adulthood. Millennials, who grappled with two recessions before the age of 40, have struggled to accrue wealth amid a volatile housing market, crushing student debt crisis, and a soaring cost of living. Gen Z—many of whom don’t think they’ll ever be able to retire—have borne witness to millennials’ strife and are anxious to avoid falling victim to their same pitfalls. 

“The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic rocked the economy as Gen Z entered young adulthood,” Charlie Pastor, a financial planner, told Fortune’s Alicia Adamczyk. “Older generations should understand that the next generation of savers has seen a lot of economic turbulence in a short period of time.”

Considering that $1 million is no longer enough to retire in today’s economy, retirement feels far out of reach for many young adults, who want to start saving as early as possible (no wonder Americans’ number one financial regret is not saving enough for retirement). The share of workers unsure they’ll ever be able to retire has grown from 10% to 24% since 2021, a BlackRock report found, with Gen Zers feeling the least confident. It explains why they invest in their company’s retirement plans at significantly higher rates than their older colleagues did when they were their age.

Yet, at the same time, a growing number of workers are withdrawing “hardship distributions” from their retirement accounts in an economy that has been marred by sky-high inflation. Thirty-six percent more people have done so this year than last year, BofA found. 

“The data from our report tells two stories—one of balance growth, optimism from younger employees and maintaining contributions, contrasted with a trend of increased plan withdrawals,” Lorna Sabbia, who leads BofA’s retirement and personal wealth solutions, wrote in the report. But despite dire straits, she added, employees must continue investing in “life’s biggest expense”: retirement. 

Start ’em young

Of course, Gen Z and millennials might be a bit better at saving for retirement because the benefits of saving early have become more widespread over the years. “While saving for retirement is important for all employees, we want to encourage younger employees to get started as soon as possible,” BofA’s Margeson says. “Saving and investing your money early in life will put you on the best path forward.”

It’s hard to undersell how crucial investing early really is thanks to the power of compound interest, which has “the potential to magnify regrets about foregone savings over time as a ‘what could have been’ realization becomes more stark,” Greg McBride, Bankrate’s chief financial analyst explained in a recent report on Americans’ financial regrets. “At a modest 6.5% annual return, every dollar you put away in your twenties becomes $17 by the time you retire.” 

Most experts advise contributing at least up to the full employer match to maximize your benefits. But if you’re on an entry-level salary, putting away as little as 1% to 2% of your monthly earnings—if you can afford it—is better than nothing. 

That compound interest might just be enough to convince Gen Z to save instead of spend, even if it means ditching their rich friends or suffering from vacation FOMO. After all, there will be plenty of time to travel if you can eke out an early retirement.

The Fortune 500 Innovation Forum will convene Fortune 500 executives, U.S. policy officials, top founders, and thought leaders to help define what’s next for the American economy, Nov. 16-17 in Detroit. Apply here.
About the Author
By Jane Thier
LinkedIn iconTwitter icon
See full bioRight Arrow Button Icon
Add Fortune on Google for similar content.

Latest in Personal Finance

Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025

Most Popular

Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Fortune Secondary Logo
Rankings
  • 100 Best Companies
  • Fortune 500
  • Global 500
  • Fortune 500 Europe
  • Most Powerful Women
  • World's Most Admired Companies
  • See All Rankings
  • Lists Calendar
Sections
  • Finance
  • Fortune Crypto
  • Features
  • Leadership
  • Health
  • Commentary
  • Success
  • Retail
  • Mpw
  • Tech
  • Lifestyle
  • CEO Initiative
  • Asia
  • Politics
  • Conferences
  • Europe
  • Newsletters
  • Personal Finance
  • Environment
  • Magazine
  • Education
Customer Support
  • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Customer Service Portal
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms Of Use
  • Single Issues For Purchase
  • International Print
Commercial Services
  • Advertising
  • Fortune Brand Studio
  • Fortune Analytics
  • Fortune Conferences
  • Business Development
  • Group Subscriptions
About Us
  • About Us
  • Press Center
  • Work At Fortune
  • Terms And Conditions
  • Site Map
  • About Us
  • Press Center
  • Work At Fortune
  • Terms And Conditions
  • Site Map
  • Facebook icon
  • Twitter icon
  • LinkedIn icon
  • Instagram icon
  • Pinterest icon

Latest in Personal Finance

Young couple looking sad in front of a home with a for sale sign
Real EstateHousing
Gen Z and millennials aren’t convinced the American Dream exists anymore: Only 40% of them can afford to buy a home
By Tristan BoveJune 30, 2026
11 hours ago
mill
InvestingWealth
America added more than 1,200 millionaires per day in 2025, but the heyday of the ‘everyday millionaire’ is already over
By Nick LichtenbergJune 30, 2026
14 hours ago
Top CD rates from major banks June 30, 2026: Chase CDs, Bank of America CDs, Citibank CDs, and more
Personal FinanceCertificates of Deposit (CDs)
Top CD rates from major banks on June 30, 2026: Chase CDs, Bank of America CDs, Citibank CDs, and more
By Joseph HostetlerJune 30, 2026
17 hours ago
Current price of Bitcoin for June 30, 2026
Personal FinanceCryptocurrency
Current price of Bitcoin for June 30, 2026
By Joseph HostetlerJune 30, 2026
17 hours ago
Current price of Ethereum for June 30, 2026
Personal FinanceEthereum
Current price of Ethereum for June 30, 2026
By Joseph HostetlerJune 30, 2026
17 hours ago
Current price of oil as of June 30, 2026
Personal FinanceOil
Current price of oil as of June 30 2026
By Joseph HostetlerJune 30, 2026
17 hours ago

Most Popular

MacKenzie Scott alone accounted for one-third of America's $19.2 billion in megagifts last year
Success
MacKenzie Scott alone accounted for one-third of America's $19.2 billion in megagifts last year
By Sydney LakeJune 25, 2026
6 days ago
Elon Musk on MacKenzie Scott giving away $26 billion of her fortune: 'Sadly,' it makes the world a worse place
Success
Elon Musk on MacKenzie Scott giving away $26 billion of her fortune: 'Sadly,' it makes the world a worse place
By Sydney LakeJune 29, 2026
2 days ago
Philanthropy leader at Warren Buffett and Bill Gates’ Giving Pledge says children of billionaires are pushing them to give their wealth away faster
Success
Philanthropy leader at Warren Buffett and Bill Gates’ Giving Pledge says children of billionaires are pushing them to give their wealth away faster
By Preston ForeJune 27, 2026
4 days ago
'Humanity has chosen to become idiots': This Brown professor switched to take-home exams after a mass shooting and discovered mass cheating
AI
'Humanity has chosen to become idiots': This Brown professor switched to take-home exams after a mass shooting and discovered mass cheating
By Catherina GioinoJune 29, 2026
1 day ago
The retired college professor fighting a $313 trespassing ticket in Wisconsin thinks he's part of a national struggle
Environment
The retired college professor fighting a $313 trespassing ticket in Wisconsin thinks he's part of a national struggle
By Catherina GioinoJune 28, 2026
3 days ago
The U.S. Army is opening military bases to private billions — here's why that changes everything for the next 250 years
Commentary
The U.S. Army is opening military bases to private billions — here's why that changes everything for the next 250 years
By Marc AndersenJune 30, 2026
18 hours ago

© 2026 Fortune Media IP Limited. All Rights Reserved. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy | CA Notice at Collection and Privacy Notice | Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information
FORTUNE is a trademark of Fortune Media IP Limited, registered in the U.S. and other countries. FORTUNE may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Offers may be subject to change without notice.