The European Commission said on Wednesday in a mid-term review of its digital strategy it would prepare an initiative by the end of the year to address unfair contractual clauses and trading practices in relations between platforms and businesses, prompting strong criticism from the tech industry.

This follows on from EU proposals to remove barriers in online services to improve European companies’ chances of competing against U.S. tech giants like Google, Apple, and Facebook.

European companies such as Spotify, Rocket Internet, and Deezer have complained that online platforms—such as search engines and app stores—abuse their position as gateways to customers to promote their own services or impose imbalanced terms and conditions.

The Commission said that initial findings of an investigation launched last year showed platforms were delisting products or services without due notice, restricting access to data or not making search result rankings transparent enough.

The Commission wants to establish fair practice criteria, measures to improve transparency and a system to help to resolve disputes.

Spotify hit out at Apple last year after it rejected an updated app for the Swedish music streaming service on iPhones, saying it diminished its competitiveness on iOS.

EDiMA, which represents the main online platforms like Amazon (AMZN), Apple (AAPL), Google (GOOGL), and Facebook (FB), said it was “disappointed and astounded” at the announcement.

“Considering online platforms ‘key gatekeepers’ deviates greatly from the progressive thoughts put forward by the Commission in its platform communication in 2016,” EDiMA said in a statement.

HATE SPEECH

The Commission’s mid-term review also looked at the issue of hate speech on social media. It said it would coordinate more effectively on existing initiatives—such as a code of conduct with the main social media companies—and provide guidance on dealing with illegal content to avoid overly zealous removals.

An earlier draft of the Commission’s mid-term review of its digital single market strategy showed it was considering legislation on how companies should take down hate speech and incitement to violence, but that idea has been scrapped.

The German parliament is discussing a law to fine social media networks up to 50 million euros ($54.4 million) if they fail to remove hate speech postings quickly.

To encourage social media companies to be more proactive, the Commission said it would provide guidance on a “good Samaritan” principle whereby companies would not be held liable for illegal content posted on their websites or platforms if they actively hunted it down.

The EU executive will also propose a law to reduce national restrictions on where some types of commercial and health data can be stored, saying unnecessary data localization rules hamper technological innovation.