• Home
  • Latest
  • Fortune 500
  • Finance
  • Tech
  • Leadership
  • Lifestyle
  • Rankings
  • Multimedia

Trendingnow

1

Jensen Huang made his $172 billion fortune on AI chips. His family's $75 million gift to Vanderbilt argues art decides what technology is for

2

The millennial generation has split, new Fed research shows: Those over 35 are edging toward boomer-style wealth, while everyone else falls behind

3

The $39 trillion U.S. national debt isn’t as high as Japan’s and Singapore’s relative to economy size—and yet it's still worse somehow

1

Jensen Huang made his $172 billion fortune on AI chips. His family's $75 million gift to Vanderbilt argues art decides what technology is for

2

The millennial generation has split, new Fed research shows: Those over 35 are edging toward boomer-style wealth, while everyone else falls behind

3

The $39 trillion U.S. national debt isn’t as high as Japan’s and Singapore’s relative to economy size—and yet it's still worse somehow

In IPO filings, Twitter restated revenue policy

By
Stephen Gandel
Stephen Gandel
Down Arrow Button Icon
By
Stephen Gandel
Stephen Gandel
Down Arrow Button Icon
October 14, 2013, 1:16 PM ET
Add Fortune on Google for similar content.

FORTUNE — Twitter changed and expanded the description of how it tallies sales from some of its advertising deals in its IPO filings.

The first version of its IPO filing, or S-1, which it confidentially filed to the SEC in July but did not initially release to the public, implied Twitter did not have a consistent policy to determine how much it stated on its financial statements it got from some deals. The company said its method was still evolving. In the deals involved, it wasn’t yet clear how much Twitter would be paid from advertisers.

In these cases, Twitter said it would use its “best estimate of sales price,” when tallying up figures to compute its quarterly statements. And the way it calculates those estimates could change over time.

MORE: Twitter shady accounting

But by the time Twitter released its public S-1 in early October that section of its so-called revenue recognition policy had changed. Gone was language saying that the company was still trying to determine how to estimate Twitter’s take on these deals. In its place was a more detailed description of the types of deals Twitter was talking about and why revenue would need to be estimated. This time Twitter said it was confident in its estimation abilities. “We believe the use of [best estimate of sales price] results in revenue recognition in a manner consistent with the underlying economics of the transaction,” wrote Twitter in the final draft.

Accounting experts say Twitter wouldn’t have changed the language unless it was flagged by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which polices public corporate filings. Twitter could not be reached for comment. Companies tend not to make public comments after they have filed for an IPO, but before they have completed the deal. Under the JOBS Act, Twitter was able to file the first versions of its S-1 confidentially. It later decided to release them.

How and when companies count sales as revenue has been a growing concern for the SEC, and the accounting profession. The U.S.’s Financial Accounting Standards Board along with international regulators are in the process of setting revenue recognition rules.

“It’s a hot topic,” says Robert Willens, an accounting expert.

Most companies tend to book some sales before they are are actually paid for them. The problem arises when companies book revenue for deals where they might not actually get paid, or revenue for items that are likely to get returned. Many of the most notable accounting problems of the past few years have been related to the way companies count revenue. Groupon, for instance, during its IPO process was forced by the SEC to restate its revenue. Initially, the company had called all the money it got from customers as revenue, including cash that was later paid out to merchants. Groupon (GRPN) was forced to exclude the retailer payouts.

MORE: Facebook IPO was no ‘disaster’

In July, IBM (IBM) disclosed that the SEC was investigating how it reports revenue from its cloud computing business. Tesla (TSLA), the electric car company, stressed that it only booked revenue on cars that had been both sold and delivered to customers.

Twitter has yet to turn a profit. Its sales, though, totaled nearly a quarter of billion dollars in the first half of the year. And they appear to be growing rapidly.

Twitter derives most of its revenue from advertising. Most of the deals it strikes with advertisers are not fixed upfront. Twitter gets paid something when users see advertisers’ tweets. But advertisers pay more when users click on the tweet or retweet it to others, among other situations. As a result, exactly how much an advertiser will pay is often unclear when it signs up with Twitter.

Twitter says that in most instances it only counts the revenue from a deal after the services have been delivered and the company knows how much it will get paid. But it says in some more complicated deals, it resorts to estimating what it might get paid. It’s not clear how often it relies on projections.

Michael Pachter, an analyst at Wedbush Morgan who follows social media companies, guesses Twitter only estimates revenue in long-term advertising deals. And Pachter says he doesn’t believe the company has many of those yet.

“I don’t think it’s a big deal,” says Pachter. “But it is something the company will be questioned about.”

About the Author
By Stephen Gandel
See full bioRight Arrow Button Icon
Add Fortune on Google for similar content.

Latest in

Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025

Most Popular

Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Finance
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam
By Fortune Editors
October 20, 2025
Fortune Secondary Logo
Rankings
  • 100 Best Companies
  • Fortune 500
  • Global 500
  • Fortune 500 Europe
  • Most Powerful Women
  • World's Most Admired Companies
  • See All Rankings
  • Lists Calendar
Sections
  • Finance
  • Fortune Crypto
  • Features
  • Leadership
  • Health
  • Commentary
  • Success
  • Retail
  • Mpw
  • Tech
  • Lifestyle
  • CEO Initiative
  • Asia
  • Politics
  • Conferences
  • Europe
  • Newsletters
  • Personal Finance
  • Environment
  • Magazine
  • Education
Customer Support
  • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Customer Service Portal
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms Of Use
  • Single Issues For Purchase
  • International Print
Commercial Services
  • Advertising
  • Fortune Brand Studio
  • Fortune Analytics
  • Fortune Conferences
  • Business Development
  • Group Subscriptions
About Us
  • About Us
  • Press Center
  • Work At Fortune
  • Terms And Conditions
  • Site Map
  • About Us
  • Press Center
  • Work At Fortune
  • Terms And Conditions
  • Site Map
  • Facebook icon
  • Twitter icon
  • LinkedIn icon
  • Instagram icon
  • TikTok icon
  • YouTube icon

Latest in

Peloton Tread Review (2026): Our Experience
HealthDietary Supplements
Peloton Tread Review (2026): Our Experience
By Christina SnyderJuly 24, 2026
2 hours ago
The Best Spermidine Supplements (2026): Expert Tested
HealthDietary Supplements
The Best Spermidine Supplements (2026): Expert Tested
By Emily PharesJuly 24, 2026
2 hours ago
This CEO once bought a bankrupt furniture company for $80,000. At 95, he’s now given away millions
Successphilanthropy
This CEO once bought a bankrupt furniture company for $80,000. At 95, he’s now given away millions
By Sydney LakeJuly 24, 2026
2 hours ago
WPP’s sweeping restructure could save £500 million—the bigger challenge might be winning over workers 
C-SuiteWPP
WPP’s sweeping restructure could save £500 million—the bigger challenge might be winning over workers 
By Sam BirchallJuly 24, 2026
2 hours ago
EU says TikTok failed to shield minors’ accounts from adults, exposing kids to predators
CybersecurityTikTok
EU says TikTok failed to shield minors’ accounts from adults, exposing kids to predators
By Sam McNeil and The Associated PressJuly 24, 2026
2 hours ago
Brazil uses ‘gold fingerprinting’ to fight illegal mining in the Amazon
EnvironmentScience
Brazil uses ‘gold fingerprinting’ to fight illegal mining in the Amazon
By Gabriela Sa Pessoa and The Associated PressJuly 24, 2026
2 hours ago

Most Popular

Jensen Huang made his $172 billion fortune on AI chips. His family's $75 million gift to Vanderbilt argues art decides what technology is for
Big Tech
Jensen Huang made his $172 billion fortune on AI chips. His family's $75 million gift to Vanderbilt argues art decides what technology is for
By Sydney LakeJuly 23, 2026
1 day ago
The millennial generation has split, new Fed research shows: Those over 35 are edging toward boomer-style wealth, while everyone else falls behind
Real Estate
The millennial generation has split, new Fed research shows: Those over 35 are edging toward boomer-style wealth, while everyone else falls behind
By Nick LichtenbergJuly 22, 2026
2 days ago
The $39 trillion U.S. national debt isn’t as high as Japan’s and Singapore’s relative to economy size—and yet it's still worse somehow
Economy
The $39 trillion U.S. national debt isn’t as high as Japan’s and Singapore’s relative to economy size—and yet it's still worse somehow
By Sasha RogelbergJuly 23, 2026
1 day ago
'The demographic dividend of the last 40 years is ending': J.P. Morgan says the world is running out of the two things that kept interest rates down
Economy
'The demographic dividend of the last 40 years is ending': J.P. Morgan says the world is running out of the two things that kept interest rates down
By Eleanor PringleJuly 24, 2026
10 hours ago
Spain lifted the World Cup, but the IRS still gets a cut of its $50 million pay day as players, coaches and refs all face complex U.S. “jock taxes”
Personal Finance
Spain lifted the World Cup, but the IRS still gets a cut of its $50 million pay day as players, coaches and refs all face complex U.S. “jock taxes”
By Joshua HongJuly 23, 2026
1 day ago
Current price of oil as of July 23, 2026
Personal Finance
Current price of oil as of July 23, 2026
By Joseph HostetlerJuly 23, 2026
1 day ago

© 2026 Fortune Media IP Limited. All Rights Reserved. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy | CA Notice at Collection and Privacy Notice | Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information
FORTUNE is a trademark of Fortune Media IP Limited, registered in the U.S. and other countries. FORTUNE may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Offers may be subject to change without notice.