Moody’s lowered its outlook to negative from stable while retaining a long-term rating of A1 on the nation’s sovereign bonds, according to a statement. China’s usage of fiscal stimulus to support local governments and its spiraling property downturn is posing risks to the nation’s economy, the grader said.

The government pushed back soon after the outlook change was announced, saying it was “disappointed” with Moody’s decision and the nation’s economy “will be highly resilient and has large potential.” The impact of the property downturn is well under control, the finance ministry said in a statement. 

The change in Moody’s thinking comes as China’s deepening property rout triggers a shift toward fiscal stimulus, with the country ramping up its borrowing as a main measure to bolster its economy. That has raised concerns about the nation’s debt levels with Beijing on track for record bond issuance this year.

“These ratings downgrades or negative outlook shifts often mark the low in terms of bad news and market selloffs. I wouldn’t see this being the case in two to three months’ time,” said Viraj Patel, global macro strategist at Vanda Research. “It’s hard for things to get worse than current bearish expectations, and it only takes a little to see a tactical rebound or short squeeze.”

China’s economy has struggled for traction this year as a rebound from restrictive Covid Zero policies proved to be weaker than expected and the property crisis deepened. Data last week showed both manufacturing and services activities shrank in November, bolstering a belief that more government action is needed to support a faltering recovery.

In October, Chinese President Xi Jinping signaled that a sharp slowdown in growth and lingering deflationary risks won’t be tolerated, as the government increased its headline budget deficit to the largest in three decades. At 3.8% for 2023, the deficit-to-GDP ratio is well above a long-adhered to 3% limit.

The revision allowed the central government to sell 1 trillion yuan ($140 billion) of additional sovereign bonds within the year to support disaster relief and construction. Local governments were also selling special re-financing bonds to swap some off-balance sheet debt carrying higher costs.

“Considering the policy challenge posed by local government debt, the central government is focused on preventing financial instability,” Moody’s said. “Still, maintaining financial market stability while avoiding moral hazard and containing fiscal costs of support is very challenging.”

The yuan was little changed in onshore and overseas trading, while the yield on China’s 10-year government bonds was steady at 2.68%. The MSCI China Index slid 1.7%, on course for its lowest close since November 2022. The gauge held onto most of its losses after Moody’s move. 

China’s big state-owned banks sold dollars in large amounts against the yuan in the onshore market after Moody’s move, according to traders. Some commercial lenders followed suit in offloading the greenback, helping to trigger a rebound in the Chinese currency, said the traders, who asked not to be named. 

Moody’s last cut its credit rating on China in 2017, to A1 from Aa3, on the likelihood of a material rise in economy-wide debt and the impact that would have on state finances. That was its first China debt downgrade since 1989.

Earlier this year, Fitch Ratings Ltd. said in an interview with Bloomberg television that it may reconsider China’s A+ sovereign credit score. The firm recently affirmed such a rating with a stable outlook.

S&P Global Ratings has kept China’s ratings at A+ with stable outlook since its last downgrading in 2017 that followed a similar move by Moody’s.

“The risk of a rating downgrade is unlikely to reverse the debt issuances plan, which could help ease concern over property sector and China sluggish growth,” said Ken Cheung, chief Asian FX strategist at Mizuho Securities. “The impact of a cut to the rating’s outlook on bond flows should prove limited while the China-US rate spread is still a key driver.”