Keen, Lakestar, and Seedcamp also participated in the funding round. It comes less than five months after the company, which recently dropped “Labs” from its name, emerged from stealth with €5.5 million ($6.1 million) in seed funding.

SE3’s software takes video and sensor feeds from multiple drones and ground vehicles and fuses them into a single 3D picture of the battlefield—”like a mini map, how you would know it from a strategy game,” cofounder and CEO Lukas Köstler told Fortune. 

On top of that map sits a layer that labels objects and how they relate to one another, so soldiers can query it in plain language: How do I reach a target without being seen? What’s a good route for a heavy vehicle?

Operators can also give commands the same way. Rather than remotely piloting a drone with a joystick or having to tap away on a tablet, a soldier can simply say, “I need reconnaissance two kilometers in the north over the forest,” Köstler said, and a suitable drone would take off, fly the mission, and report back.

In addition to this map-level understanding of the battlefield, SE3 also builds the AI systems that sit inside the drones or other unmanned systems, giving them the ability to maneuver and navigate, even in cases where GPS is jammed, detect objects, and act as a “swarm” with other drones.

Köstler, who previously worked on Tesla’s Autopilot team and at Nvidia Research, said the most basic capability—drones locating themselves without GPS—has been delivered thousands of times and is “very robust.”

But he said the high-level fleet command AI is less mature. SE3 has contracts with Germany’s armed forces, the Bundeswehr, to develop it and has demonstrated it with them, but “there’s still much that needs to be built out over the next one or two years,” he said. The company also has contracts in Ukraine, where its technology is already deployed.

SE3 does not rely on general-purpose, large language models to understand physics or terrain. Instead, it uses classical computer vision algorithms to distill vast amounts of sensor data into a database a language model can query, and gives the model a harness equipped with a variety of conventional software tools the model can call. If the model needs a flight path, a conventional planning algorithm calculates one—avoiding mountains or enemy lines of sight, for example.

Simply feeding raw data to the model “wouldn’t work at all,” Köstler said. Actions such as a drone takeoff can be set to require a human operator’s approval. The system can run entirely offline, and customers can swap in their own preferred frontier AI model to act as the “brains” of the system.

SE3 spun out of the computer vision lab of Daniel Cremers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), where Köstler and SE3’s CTO, Simon Klenk, were PhD students. Cremers serves as SE3’s chief science officer.

Military work has long made some AI researchers uneasy—a tension highlighted when the Pentagon designated Anthropic a supply-chain risk in March after it refused to let its models be used for fully autonomous weapons or mass domestic surveillance.

As a German company, SE3 is bound by strict export laws, Köstler noted: “It’s really the elected parliament that decides in the end what we will do.” SE3 serves European NATO members and their allies.

SE3 is betting that militaries will want AI software that isn’t tied to any single hardware maker. If drone makers each control their own software stack, Köstler argued, customers struggle to get systems from different vendors to work together and, within two or three years, face costly lock-in.

SE3 counts sensor maker Hensoldt, drone software company Auterion, and drone developer ERC among its partners.

Accel partner Matt Robinson said SE3’s team was “uniquely qualified to take on the challenge of building spatial AI for autonomous systems—something defense primes have found so difficult to do.”

SE3 plans to use the money to grow from roughly 40 employees to about 120 and open offices in London, Berlin, the Nordics and Baltics, and Poland. Defense will drive revenue for at least the next 12 months, Köstler said, but a small team will begin exploring civilian robotics.