“There’s been a huge amount of activity since [OpenAI’s] ChatGPT launched about two and a half years ago,” Benedict Evans, an independent analyst, told the audience at Fortune Brainstorm AI in London on Tuesday. Evans has spent 20 years analyzing media and technology, having worked in equity research, corporate strategy, and venture capital.

“We’ve got lots of new buzzwords and acronyms, and people talk about [AI] agents—or, if they want to sound clever, they say ‘agentic,’ which I think is a bit like saying ‘societal’ instead of ‘social,’” he said. But most profoundly, there has been a huge increase in the amount of AI investment, Evans said.

“Last year, the Big Four cloud companies spent about $220 billion building AI infrastructure,” he explained. Evans refers to the “Big Four” as Alphabet, Meta, Amazon Web Services, and Microsoft. “This year, based on their guidance, they’ll probably spend something over $300 billion,” he said. For example, Meta recently announced an increase in its 2025 capital expenditure outlook to between $64 billion and $72 billion to support its AI buildout and the expected costs of infrastructure hardware, Fortune reported.

Along with the massive AI investment by companies, there’s still “a strong sense of FOMO”—fear of missing out, he said. “You don’t want to be the company that didn’t participate, and then be faced with having other companies dictate how you could do business,” he explained. That’s what happened to Meta in the last platform shift, and that’s why Google created Android, Evans said.

Regarding generative AI, some use cases that are really working for people include job development, marketing, and customer support, he said. However, he noted that some organizations still struggle to identify the best use cases for generative AI.

“There are people who’ve looked at it a couple of times and said, ‘I don’t know what to do with this,’” Evans explained. “It’s not really clear how you handle error rates, or where you should put the human in the loop.” People are also worried about data security.

For example, the “2025 AI Survey: Generative AI Adoption in the Enterprise,” released by Writer in March, found that 72% of C-suite leaders surveyed said their company has faced at least one challenge on their journey to generative AI adoption. Internal power struggles, underperforming tools, and clashing perspectives among executives and employees are among the obstacles. However, the majority of workers and executives who have actively used generative AI say they benefited from the tools, according to the report.

Evans said it’s really up to the software companies that create AI products to guide users on how to best utilize those technologies, rather than expecting users to figure out every use case themselves. He also said the question, “What is our AI strategy?” is not just for the CIO, but for the CEO and CFO as well.

Sheryl Estrada
sheryl.estrada@fortune.com

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Leaderboard

John Ederer was appointed CFO of Teradata (NYSE: TDC), effective May 12. Before Teradata, Ederer served as CFO of Model N, a provider of cloud revenue management solutions. Previously, Ederer was CFO at K2 Software, Inc., a provider of digital process automation solutions. Earlier in his 25-plus year career, he held financial leadership roles at enterprise software and other companies including TIBCO Software, SAP, Business Objects, and Ariba.

Max Ochoa was appointed CFO of Electra.aero, Inc. (Electra), an aerospace company. Ochoa brings to Electra more than two decades of experience across finance, legal, and operations roles at high-growth, innovative hardware and software technology companies. Most recently, he served as CFO and general counsel at Satelles where he helped drive the acquisition by Iridium Satellite Communications. Before that, Ochoa held executive leadership roles at Alation, Turn, Adify, and TiVo.

Big Deal

Accenture’s latest report, “The Front-Runner’s Guide to Scaling AI,” provides guidance on how organizations can scale AI for real impact. Key barriers companies face in achieving enterprise reinvention include outdated IT systems, employees who are not prepared to use AI, and low data readiness. Of those surveyed, 70% acknowledged the need for a strong data foundation when trying to scale AI. Just 15% of companies surveyed are “AI reinvention-ready,” the research finds. According to Accenture, when the implementation of AI is sponsored by a company’s CEO or board of directors, these investments are significantly more likely to exceed their projected ROI than those that are not.

Going deeper

“The Fed will likely keep interest rates on hold today so markets will be watching for Trump’s reaction” is a new Fortune report by Eleanor Pringle

From the report: “With the Federal Open Market Committee likely to hold interest rates steady today, political pressure from President Trump threatens the Fed’s historically independent role in setting economic policy. Analysts expect Fed Chair Jerome Powell to maintain a cautious, data-driven stance amid rising uncertainty, while markets brace for backlash from the White House that could inject further volatility.”

Overheard

“It’s getting hard to tell what the best model is.”

—Thomas Wolf, cofounder and chief scientist at Hugging Face, said during an interview at Fortune Brainstorm AI in London on Tuesday. As traditional AI benchmarks become saturated, it’s getting harder to tell which AI model is the best, Wolf said. He thinks we may need new ways to measure AI models.