When the Trump administration conditions federal grants and contracts to universities on these demands, it threatens all Americans. Higher education is the greatest source of U.S. global competitiveness, cultural enrichment, and learning. By partnering with the federal government for decades, American universities have made lifesaving discoveries and increased the prosperity, safety, security, and creativity of our country. When the Trump administration insists on anyone’s compliance with likely illegal and unconstitutional conditions, it is threatening everyone’s freedom from arbitrary rule. When it insists on controlling the admission of students, faculty hiring, and governance of a university, it is also threatening a prime source of the opportunity and economic prosperity of all Americans. We all know from Martin Neimoller’s haunting lament, this authoritarian incursion does not end with Harvard. 

Cosignatories:
[f] = former presidents; [c] = current presidents

• Michael B. Alexander, Lasell University (Massachusetts) [f]
• Edward Ayers, University of Richmond (Virginia) [f]
• Larry Bacow, Tufts University (Massachusetts), Harvard University (Massachusetts) [f]
• Kimberly Benston, Haverford College (Pennsylvania) [f]
• Katherine Bergeron, Connecticut College (Connecticut) [f]
• Henry Bienen, Northwestern University (Illinois) [f]
• Lee Bollinger, Columbia University (New York), University of Michigan (Michigan) [f]
• Phil Boroughs, SJ, College of the Holy Cross (Massachusetts) [f]
• William Brody, Salk Institute, The Johns Hopkins University (Maryland) [f]
• Robert Brown, Boston University (Massachusetts) [f]
• Mark Burstein, Lawrence University [f]
• Alison Byerly, Carleton College (Minnesota) [c]
• Albert Carnesale, University of California – Los Angeles (California) [f]
• Carol T. Christ, University of California – Berkeley (California) [f]
• Johnnetta B. Cole, Spelman College (Georgia), Bennett College (North Carolina) [f]
• Mary Sue Coleman, University of Michigan (Michigan), University of Iowa (Iowa) [f]
• Shirley M. Collado, Ithaca College (New York) [f]
• William E. Cooper, University of Richmond (Virginia) [f]
• Ron Crutcher, Wheaton College (Massachusetts) [f]
• Nicholas Dirks, University of California – Berkeley (California) [f]
• Adam Falk, Williams College (Massachusetts) [f]
• Jonathan Fanton, The New School (New York) [f]
• Drew Gilpin Faust, Harvard University (Massachusetts) [f]
• David Fithian, Clark University (Massachusetts) [c]
• Wayne A. I. Frederick, Howard University (Washington DC) [f]
• Stephen Friedman, Pace University (New York) [f]
• R. Barbara Gitenstein, The College of New Jersey (New Jersey) [f]
• Michael Gottfredson, University of Oregon (Oregon) [f]
• Amy Gutmann, University of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania) [f]
• Phil Hanlon, Dartmouth College (New Hampshire) [f]
• Nathan Hatch, Wake Forest University (North Carolina) [f]
• Robert Head, Rockford University (Illinois) [f]
• Mark A. Heckler, Valparaiso University (Indiana) [f]
• John Hennessy, Stanford University (California) [f]
• Catharine Bond Hill, Vassar College (New York) [f]
• Jonathan Holloway, Rutgers University (New Jersey) [c]
• Freeman Hrabowski, The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Maryland) [f]
• Theodora J. Kalikow, University of Maine at Farmington (Maine) [f]
• Thomas Katsouleas, University of Connecticut (Connecticut) [f]
• Nan Keohane, Duke University (North Carolina), Wellesley College (Massachuse [f]
• Brit Kirwan, University System of Maryland (Maryland) [f]
• Richard Lariviere, University of Oregon (Oregon), Field Museum of Natural History (Illinois) [f]
• Bernie Machen, University of Florida (Florida) [f]
• Mary Marcy, Dominican University (California) [f]
• Patricia McGuire, Trinity Washington University (Washington DC) [c]
• Mary Patterson McPherson, Bryn Mawr College (Pennsylvania) [f]
• Gail Mellow, LaGuardia Community College – City University of New York (New York) [f]
• Ted Mitchell, Occidental College (California) [f]
• Anthony Monaco, Tufts University (Massachusetts) [f]
• Richard Morrill, Centre College (Kentucky) [f]
• Daniel J. Myers, Misericordia University (Pennsylvania) [c]
• M. Duane Nellis, Ohio University (Ohio), Texas Tech University (Texas), University of Idaho (Idaho) [f]
• Gene Nichol, College of William & Mary (Virginia) [f]
• Lynn Pasquerella, Mount Holyoke College (Massachusetts) [f]
• Laurie Patton, Middlebury College (Vermont) [f]
• Martha Pollack, Cornell University (New York) [f]
• Susan Poser, Hofstra University (New York) [c]
• Steven Poskanzer, Carleton College (Minnesota) [f]
• Gregory Prince, Hampshire College (Massachusetts) [f]
• Stuart Rabinowitz, Hofstra University (New York) [f]
• L. Rafael Reif, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Massachusetts) [f]
• W. Taylor Reveley III, College of William & Mary (Virginia) [f]
• Sidney Ribeau, Howard University (Washington DC), Bowling Green State University (Ohio) [f]
• L. Song Richardson, Colorado College (Colorado) [f]
• Michael S. Roth, Wesleyan University (Connecticut) [c]
• George Rupp, Rice University (Texas), Columbia University (New York) [f]
• Leonard A. Schlesinger, Babson College (Massachusetts) [f]
• Mark Schlissel, University of Michigan (Michigan) [f]
• Jake Schrum, Emory & Henry College (Virginia), Southwestern University (Texas), Texas Wesleyan University (Texas) [f]
• Robert A. Scott, Adelphi University (New York), Ramapo College (New Jersey) [f]
• Joel Seligman, University of Rochester (New York) [f]
• Allen Sessoms, Queens College, City University of New York (New York), Delaware State University (Delaware), University of the District of Columbia (Washington DC) [f]
• John Sexton, New York University (New York) [f]
• Donna Shalala, University of Miami (Florida), University of Wisconsin-Madison (Wisconsin), Hunter College of the City University of New York (New York) [f]
• Teresa Sullivan, University of Virginia (Virginia) [f]
• Timothy J. Sullivan, College of William and Mary (Virginia) [f]
• Beverly Daniel Tatum, Spelman College (Georgia) [f]
• Lara Tiedens, Scripps College (California) [f]
• Eugene Tobin, Hamilton College (New York) [f]
• Humphrey Tonkin, University of Hartford (Connecticut) [f]
• Steve Trachtenberg, George Washington University (Washington DC) [f]
• Nancy J. Vickers, Bryn Mawr College (Pennsylvania) [f]
• Laura Walker, Bennington College (Vermont) [c]
• Robert Weisbuch, Drew University (New Jersey) [f]
• Daniel H. Weiss, Haverford College (Pennsylvania), Lafayette College (Pennsylvania) [f]
• Julie Wollman, Widener University (Pennsylvania) [f]
• Meredith Woo, Sweet Briar College (Virginia) [f]
• Mark Wrighton, Washington University of St. Louis (Missouri), George Washington University (Washington DC) [f]
• Nicholas Zeppos, Vanderbilt University (Tennessee) [f]

Institutional affiliations provided for identification only.

This list has been updated with additional signatories and with indications of current and former presidents.

The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune