The FAA blamed “multiple root causes” of the flawed Starship test launch in an emailed statement Friday, and said the company needs to, among other things, redesign its hardware to prevent leaks and fires. It cited a total of 63 actions in need of remedy. 

“SpaceX must implement all corrective actions that impact public safety and apply for and receive a license modification from the FAA that addresses all safety, environmental and other applicable regulatory requirements prior to the next Starship launch,” it said. 

In a post on its website, SpaceX said testing development hardware in a flight environment is what enables the company to quickly learn and execute design changes and upgrades to improve its probability of future success. 

“We learned a tremendous amount about the vehicle and ground systems during Starship’s first flight test,” SpaceX said. 

Testing development flight hardware in a flight environment is what enables our teams to quickly learn and execute design changes and hardware upgrades to improve the probability of success in the future. We learned a tremendous amount about the vehicle and ground systems during… pic.twitter.com/kzMEBHwWyz

— SpaceX (@SpaceX) September 8, 2023

Mitigation Measures

Closing the mishap investigation does not mean SpaceX can immediately resume Starship launches at Boca Chica, Texas, the FAA said. SpaceX must implement all corrective actions that impact public safety. It must also apply for and receive an FAA license modification that addresses all safety, environmental and regulatory requirements prior to the next Starship launch, the agency said.

The FAA oversaw a mishap investigation after it grounded the rocket in the wake of the company’s first test flight on April 20. During that flight, Starship successfully took off from its Texas launchpad, but suffered multiple engine failures as it ascended into the sky. The two-stage rocket then failed to separate as planned and started spinning out of control, prompting SpaceX to intentionally blow up the vehicle. The launch damaged SpaceX’s launchpad and spread debris and pulverized concrete across hundreds of acres of terrain.

In a letter to SpaceX sent on Friday, the FAA cited “structural failure of the launch pad deck foundation.” Once the rocket deviated from its planned trajectory, the FAA cited an unexpected delay in the self-destruct command from SpaceX’s autonomous flight-safety system. SpaceX said in its update that it has since upgraded that system, which is used to blow up the vehicle in case of a major malfunction. During the April test flight, SpaceX’s flight termination system took nearly a minute to explode the vehicle, much longer than expected, according to Musk.

The FAA said it has been provided with sufficient information and accepts the root causes and corrective actions described in SpaceX’s mishap report. However, the closure of its mishap investigation does not predetermine the results of ongoing or future environmental reviews, the FAA added. 

SpaceX has been making a number of upgrades in the wake of the April 20 launch, including staging multiple tests of a new water deluge system designed to dampen and redirect the intense heat and forces created by Starship’s engines at liftoff. SpaceX says it has implemented mitigation measures to prevent propellant leaks and other issues. In its update, the company noted that leaking propellant from the Super Heavy booster caused fires on the vehicle and ultimately severed the connection with Starship’s main flight computer.

Corrective actions prescribed by the FAA include redesigns of vehicle hardware to prevent leaks and fires, redesign of the launch pad, additional reviews in the design process, analysis and testing of safety critical systems and components including its Autonomous Flight Safety System. Specifics of how the rocket failed and the actions the company must take weren’t released. It’s also unclear how much the corrective actions will cost SpaceX. The FAA said the mishap report contained information it’s prohibited by law from releasing.

The fallout from Starship’s launch has proved extensive. Officials with the US Fish and Wildlife service visited the launch site and privately expressed disbelief at the level of damage. SpaceX’s pad site “was totally destroyed and will likely force them to re-design the whole thing,” Chris Perez, a FWS biologist, wrote in an email. 

Environmental groups sued the FAA in May, saying the agency hastily approved SpaceX’s Starbase launch facility. The FAA has said it doesn’t comment on ongoing litigation matters.