Right now, the risk of nuclear war is unacceptably high, according to experts such as the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, the International Committee of the Red Cross, and UN Secretary General António Guterres. Recently, a paper from Stanford University concluded that a child born today has a greater chance of experiencing nuclear war during their lifetime than not. 

The ongoing nuclear modernization programs, emerging technologies in the military, and increasing hostile rhetoric between nuclear armed states slowly ups the risk of nuclear use, by intent or accident. Even with the world’s overall stockpile of nuclear weapons decreasing since 2020, the amount of operationally deployable weapons is growing, according to a new report from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. In 2020, the nine nuclear-armed states spent more money than ever on their nuclear arsenals, totalling $73.6 billion. We have been lucky for 75 years, but eventually our luck might run out. 

The catastrophic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic should make us take scientists, doctors, and experts seriously—before the worst happens. No country or group of countries possess any ability to mount an effective humanitarian response to any use of nuclear weapons. Health care systems and infrastructure would collapse. No help would come. 

We must act urgently like our world depends on it, because it does. The only way to eliminate the risk of nuclear use is to eliminate nuclear weapons. 

This will be the first time the two Presidents meet since Biden took office, and it’s being compared to the historic U.S.-Soviet meeting in Geneva that Presidents Reagan and Gorbachev had nearly 40 years ago in November of 1985. That meeting was an important step in the rapprochement of the two countries and was considered a turning point in the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the U.S., leading to a huge reduction of over 80% of global nuclear arsenals. 

Nuclear weapons are a considerable problem that requires substantial action. But massive progress is not unprecedented. This week, both countries have the opportunity to make history. The U.S. and Russia must act in accordance with the ever-growing risk of nuclear annihilation and in recognition of the humanitarian consequences of nuclear use to significantly reduce their nuclear arsenals on the road to a world free of nuclear weapons.

They can accomplish this by agreeing to sign the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, which bans nuclear weapons under international law. The treaty, which entered into force in January, has been adopted by the majority of states in the world and has the support of international organizations like the United Nations, International Committee of the Red Cross, and World Medical Association. 

That’s not all. Over 200 cities, like Paris, Washington, Tokyo, and Sydney, support this treaty, along with thousands of elected representatives in parliaments around the world and moral leaders like Pope Francis, Desmund Tutu, and the Dalai Lama. Trade unions, banks, and pension funds are keeping the well-being of their workers in mind by divesting from companies that make nuclear weapons. And of course, most regular people around the world want nuclear weapons to be banned. 

As Putin and Biden meet in beautiful Geneva, they should remember the destruction and horror in Hiroshima and Nagasaki over 75 years ago, and commit to working to ban and eliminate nuclear weapons before such a tragedy happens again. 

Beatrice Fihn is executive director of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate.