In January 2020, several weeks before “COVID” became the world’s most feared acronym, the National Center for Health Statistics announced the 10 leading causes of death in the U.S. for 2018, the latest year for which final data is available. Once again, the leading killer in America was heart disease.
Today, as the coronavirus continues its reign of terror, many might imagine that COVID-19 will vault to the top of nation’s list of killers in 2020. But as many lives as this insidious virus has taken, and will take in the months to come, heart disease will inevitably take more. Indeed, it will kill more people in the U.S. than any other cause—just as it has every year since 1921. For some perspective, as of mid-November, COVID has killed some 250,000 Americans. Heart disease accounted for 655,381 resident deaths in the U.S. in 2018, or 23.1% of all fatalities in the country.
And when the grim counting is finally done for 2020, the toll for heart disease may be notably higher than it has been in recent years. That will have much to do with COVID, which researchers are increasingly understanding, in part, as a vascular disease. This spring, the editors of the Journal of the American Heart Association published a white paper on the many ways the Sars-CoV-2 virus—which targets a protein receptor that’s highly expressed in cells of the heart—not only produces the familiar respiratory symptoms of COVID but also causes a slew of cardiovascular problems. COVID patients often have elevated levels of troponin, a protein marker associated with heart attack, as well as levels of inflammation that may cause dangerous arrhythmias. Those with existing hypertension or other risk factors for heart disease also have much higher rates of severe illness and death from COVID, a fact doctors began observing early in the pandemic.
Understanding these interactions—some of them subtle, some hidden but potentially lasting—is critical if we are to contain COVID’s long-term damage to the nation’s health. And the places that are likely to be on the front lines in this endeavor are hospitals that specialize in cardiac care.
That’s one reason Fortune partnered with IBM Watson Health to publish our list of the 50 Top Cardiovascular Hospitals. The list, which follows up on our ranking this summer of the 100 Top Hospitals in the nation over all, selects the leading medical centers out of a sprawling universe of nearly 1,000 short-term, acute care, nonfederal U.S. hospitals that treat a broad spectrum of cardiology patients.
Using publicly available data, we evaluated 980 hospitals based on several key performance indicators—everything from straightforward clinical outcomes (including inpatient and 30-day mortality, medical complications, and 30-day readmission rates) to average lengths of stay in the hospital, operational efficiency, and yes, patient experience. In the list below, we also break out each individual hospital’s rank on outcome measures for four key areas of cardiac treatment: acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, coronary artery bypass graft, and percutaneous coronary intervention.
Based on the data points above, the difference between this cream and the rest of the crop is dramatic. If all U.S. hospitals’ cardiovascular service lines performed at the level of our 50 exemplars, we could save more than 7,000 additional lives, avoid medical complications in an additional 5,000-plus bypass and angioplasty patients, and save over $1.6 billion annually, according to estimates by IBM Watson Health.
But taken together, this list represents more than a group of good test-takers. Many of our 50 hospitals have been showcases for serving the health of their communities as well, offering broad access to care and focusing on ways to improve health equity. University of Maryland St. Joseph’s Medical Center supports a primary-care clinic and outreach efforts that serve mainly low-income and uninsured Hispanic patients in Baltimore. St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, meanwhile, has embraced Community Health Needs Assessments to get deeper insight into the health challenges facing families in Boise, where the hospital is based, and gives dozens of grants each year to local organizations focused on community well-being.
As we work on producing this ranking in the years ahead, we aim to focus even more deliberately on issues of equity and on how well communities surrounding hospitals are thriving—so we’ll incorporate measures of social determinants as well as evaluate access to care. There is a good and urgent reason for this, as the American Heart Association’s groundbreaking presidential advisory this week acknowledges: Our current wide health disparity is rooted, in large part, in structural bias, and we have the power and obligation to root it out. So, under the principle of what’s measured is what matters, Fortune and IBM Watson Health are partnering with researchers at Johns Hopkins University and others to incorporate measures of community health and equity into next year’s hospital rankings. (For more, please see the related commentary by Kyu Rhee, Irene Dankwa-Mullan, and Eduardo Sanchez, published today.)
The great pandemic of 2020 has revealed the challenges of a medical system stretched to its limits. The hospitals below show that, sometimes, care can reach new limits as well. —Clifton Leaf
Top community hospitals
1. Asante Rogue Regional Medical Center
Location: Medford, Ore.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 2
Heart failure (HF) rank: 4
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 8
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 2
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 6
Website
2. Columbus Regional Health
Location: Columbus, Ind.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 1
Heart failure (HF) rank: 6
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 10
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 3
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
3. Sentara RMH Medical Center
Location: Harrisonburg, Va.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 5
Heart failure (HF) rank: 1
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 9
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 5
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
4. McLaren Northern Michigan
Location: Petoskey, Mich.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 4
Heart failure (HF) rank: 8
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 2
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 8
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 4
Website
5. University of Maryland St. Joseph Medical Center
Location: Towson, Md.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 7
Heart failure (HF) rank: 7
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 1
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 9
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 12
Website
6. Mercy Iowa City
Location: Iowa City
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 3
Heart failure (HF) rank: 5
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 4
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 10
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
7. St. Joseph’s Hospital
Location: Tampa
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 6
Heart failure (HF) rank: 10
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 3
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 7
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 3
Website
8. Parkwest Medical Center
Location: Knoxville, Tenn.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 8
Heart failure (HF) rank: 3
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 6
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 6
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 8
Website
9. Thibodaux Regional Health System
Location: Thibodaux, La.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 10
Heart failure (HF) rank: 2
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 5
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 4
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
10. Baylor Scott & White Medical Center—Round Rock
Location: Round Rock, Texas
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 9
Heart failure (HF) rank: 9
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 7
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 1
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
Top teaching hospitals with a cardiovascular residency program
1. Riverside Methodist Hospital
Location: Columbus, Ohio
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 2
Heart failure (HF) rank: 15
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 7
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 2
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 9
Website
2. University Hospital
Location: Madison
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 8
Heart failure (HF) rank: 11
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 5
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 5
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 10
Website
3. Intermountain Medical Center
Location: Murray, Utah
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 1
Heart failure (HF) rank: 4
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 8
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 16
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
4. Mayo Clinic Rochester
Location: Rochester, Minn.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 3
Heart failure (HF) rank: 6
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 13
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 11
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 9
Website
5. UNC REX Hospital
Location: Raleigh, N.C.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 4
Heart failure (HF) rank: 16
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 4
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 13
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 4
Website
6. Mercy Medical Center
Location: Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 9
Heart failure (HF) rank: 1
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 15
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 17
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
7. Ascension Borgess Hospital
Location: Kalamazoo
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 5
Heart failure (HF) rank: 9
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 19
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 6
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 4
Website
8. The Christ Hospital
Location: Cincinnati
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 16
Heart failure (HF) rank: 7
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 9
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 8
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 14
Website
9. Summa Health System—Akron Campus
Location: Akron
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 11
Heart failure (HF) rank: 8
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 17
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 9
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 4
Website
10. WakeMed Raleigh Campus
Location: Raleigh, N.C.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 18
Heart failure (HF) rank: 12
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 3
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 14
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 3
Website
11. Baystate Medical Center
Location: Springfield, Mass.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 14
Heart failure (HF) rank: 18
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 6
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 3
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 8
Website
12. New York–Presbyterian Queens
Location: Flushing, N.Y.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 15
Heart failure (HF) rank: 13
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 10
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 10
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
13. St. Joseph’s Health
Location: Syracuse, N.Y.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 20
Heart failure (HF) rank: 19
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 2
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 1
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 3
Website
14. Duke Regional Hospital
Location: Durham, N.C.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 10
Heart failure (HF) rank: 2
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 11
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 19
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
15. McLaren Macomb
Location: Mount Clemens, Mich.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 17
Heart failure (HF) rank: 10
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 18
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 4
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 3
Website
16. UAB Hospital
Location: Birmingham, Ala.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 13
Heart failure (HF) rank: 5
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 16
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 15
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 4
Website
17. Ascension St. Vincent Hospital—Indianapolis
Location: Indianapolis
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 6
Heart failure (HF) rank: 14
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 14
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 18
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 8
Website
18. MercyOne Des Moines Medical Center
Location: Des Moines
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 7
Heart failure (HF) rank: 3
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 20
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 20
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 6
Website
19. Kettering Medical Center
Location: Kettering, Ohio
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 12
Heart failure (HF) rank: 17
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 12
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 7
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 8
Website
20. Sanford USD Medical Center
Location: Sioux Falls, S.D.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 19
Heart failure (HF) rank: 20
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 1
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 12
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 3
Website
Top teaching hospitals without a cardiovascular residency program
1. Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center
Location: Reno
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 2
Heart failure (HF) rank: 1
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 19
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 11
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 2
Website
2. Mission Hospital
Location: Asheville, N.C.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 1
Heart failure (HF) rank: 17
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 5
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 16
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 14
Website
3. Aspirus Wausau Hospital
Location: Wausau, Wis.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 12
Heart failure (HF) rank: 4
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 16
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 3
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 13
Website
4. Atrium Health Pineville
Location: Charlotte
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 15
Heart failure (HF) rank: 8
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 8
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 5
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 2
Website
5. Ascension Sacred Heart Hospital Pensacola
Location: Pensacola, Fla.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 4
Heart failure (HF) rank: 9
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 18
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 1
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 3
Website
6. Baton Rouge General
Location: Baton Rouge
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 6
Heart failure (HF) rank: 16
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 1
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 20
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
7. Lee Memorial Hospital
Location: Fort Myers, Fla.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 11
Heart failure (HF) rank: 11
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 13
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 8
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 8
Website
8. St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor Hospital
Location: Ann Arbor
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 10
Heart failure (HF) rank: 2
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 11
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 18
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 11
Website
9. Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center
Location: Idaho Falls, Idaho
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 14
Heart failure (HF) rank: 10
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 9
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 12
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
10. St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center
Location: Boise
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 3
Heart failure (HF) rank: 12
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 14
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 13
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 14
Website
11. Eisenhower Medical Center
Location: Rancho Mirage, Calif.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 13
Heart failure (HF) rank: 20
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 6
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 4
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 4
Website
12. Mount Carmel St. Ann’s
Location: Westerville, Ohio
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 9
Heart failure (HF) rank: 6
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 12
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 17
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
13. Boone Hospital Center
Location: Columbia, Mo.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 18
Heart failure (HF) rank: 18
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 3
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 6
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 2
Website
14. Bronson Methodist Hospital
Location: Kalamazoo
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 7
Heart failure (HF) rank: 14
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 10
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 14
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
15. Ocala Regional Medical Center
Location: Ocala, Fla.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 16
Heart failure (HF) rank: 15
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 4
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 10
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 6
Website
16. CHRISTUS St. Michael Health System
Location: Texarkana, Texas
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 5
Heart failure (HF) rank: 7
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 20
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 9
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 1
Website
17. Halifax Health Medical Center
Location: Daytona Beach, Fla.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 17
Heart failure (HF) rank: 13
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 2
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 15
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 4
Website
18. North Mississippi Medical Center—Tupelo
Location: Tupelo, Miss.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 20
Heart failure (HF) rank: 5
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 17
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 2
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 2
Website
19. Grand Strand Medical Center
Location: Myrtle Beach, S.C.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 19
Heart failure (HF) rank: 3
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 15
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 7
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 3
Website
20. Sarasota Memorial Hospital
Location: Sarasota
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank: 8
Heart failure (HF) rank: 19
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) rank: 7
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rank: 19
Total number of years on 50 Top list: 6
Website
50 Top Cardiovascular Hospitals Methodology
Learn about the methodology for the 50 Top Cardiovascular Hospitals list here.
See also: 100 Top Hospitals
In June 2020, Fortune and IBM Watson Health published the 100 Top Hospitals list, which featured the 40 Top Teaching Hospitals and 60 Top Community Hospitals in the U.S., as well as the 15 Top Health Systems.
IBM, Watson Health, and 100 Top Hospitals are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and other countries. FORTUNE is a trademark of Fortune Media IP Limited; registered in the U.S. and other countries.
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