The global reaction to the U.K.’s decision to leave the EU is generally one of shock. But the reactions of politicians and business leaders in one particular European country are particularly worthy of attention. Germany is, after all, the powerhouse of the union.
The first major German reaction came from Manfred Weber, a Bavarian member of the European Parliament and the leader of the center-right European People’s Party, the biggest political bloc in that parliament.
“Leave means leave,” Weber said in a press conference.
This was a reference to the idea that the U.K. can now take months to decide when to invoke Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty—the mechanism that officially triggers the divorce proceedings between the U.K. and the EU.
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The “Brexit” camp is keen to take its time in order to maximize its leverage, but the European Parliament, with Germans at the forefront, is in no mood to wait around. This is understandable, as the great institutions of the EU want to avoid contagion, and have little incentive to play nice with the country that just spat in their direction.
As for Angela Merkel (whose Christian Democratic Union works in tandem with Weber’s Bavaria-specific Christian Social Union), the German chancellor is in a more cautious mode.
Merkel said she had “deep regret” over the U.K.’s decision, but the remaining 27 members of the EU should be “willing and able to not draw quick and simple conclusions from the referendum…which would only further divide Europe.”
The chancellor said the countries should “calmly and prudently analyze and evaluate the situation, before making the right decisions together.”
Here’s Merkel’s spokesman, Steffen Seibert, tweeting a clip of her saying the EU is strong enough to find the right answers to Friday’s events:
Kanzlerin #Merkel zu brit. Referendum: Die EU ist stark genug, um die richtigen Antworten auf heutigen Tag zu geben.https://t.co/HAVZLAROh1
— Steffen Seibert (@RegSprecherStS) June 24, 2016
Meanwhile, the business newspaper Handelsblatt reported that Merkel’s finance minister, Wolfgang Schäuble, had secretly drawn up a plan for what would happen in the event of Brexit.
Schäuble and Merkel would apparently like to see a treaty between the EU and the U.K., covering trading rules and other regulations that would “not offer too much leeway to Britain in gaining access to the European Union’s internal market.” Again, the aim here is to avoid creating incentives for other countries to consider following the U.K.’s lead, and leaving the EU.
Handelsblatt also said Merkel and Schäuble want to avoid letting France and Italy use the Brexit pandemonium to push for a greater pooling of liabilities in the Eurozone.
Merkel’s coalition partners, the center-left Social Democratic Party (SPD), said the U.K.’s vote for Brexit should be seen as a signal for the rest of the EU to press its case for greater integration—precisely what the Brexit voters reacted against. The party said committed Europeans had “failed to clearly point out” that the fears motivating the shift—over immigration, employment and refugees—were “unjustified.”
“Damn! A bad day for Europe,” tweeted SPD head Sigmar Gabriel:
Damn! Ein schlechter Tag für Europa. #EUref
— Sigmar Gabriel (@sigmargabriel) June 24, 2016
The SPD said the European institutions should now be reformed to patch up the democratic deficit identified by pro-Brexit voters. “We should use the opportunity to overcome the weaknesses that the great European project still has,” it said, while warning of the rise of the far right.
Like the SPD, the German Green Party—a significant force in the country—said the EU needs “more democracy and transparency.” Like the SPD, the Greens warned against populism.
Indeed, the Alternative Für Deutschland (Alternative for Germany, or AfD)—the new, anti-immigrant party that recently made startling gains in regional elections—appeared quick to welcome the Brexit vote.
“The time is ripe for a new Europe,” tweeted AfD leader Frauke Petry soon after the referendum results were announced.
Die Zeit ist reif für ein neues Europa.#Brexit #afd
— Frauke Petry (@FraukePetry) June 24, 2016
But, despite Petry’s apparent enthusiasm, the AfD was not entirely overjoyed at the result. “The British have democratically decided to leave the EU. This vote must be respected, even if it is regrettable from a German perspective,” said party spokesman Jörg Meuthen. “The EU is losing a strong voice of reason and an engine for reform.”
German startups are seeing the positive in Brexit—with Berlin’s arch-rival London now seeming an uncertain bet for investors, they know they are likely to reap some of the benefit. “We expect a significant decrease in new incorporations in London in favor of Berlin, as well as an influx of successful London startups,” said Christoph Gerlinger, the CEO of venture capital firm German Startups Group.
However, the wider German industrial sector is bracing itself for a tumultuous time.
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“We deeply regret the outcome of this referendum,” said Markus Kerber, the director general of the Federation of German Industries (BDI). “The decision deals a heavy blow to the United Kingdom itself, to the EU and to Germany–both in political and economic terms.”
Kerber said German companies based in the U.K. could suffer a “heavy blow” from the country’s potential loss of access to the EU single market.
“We expect business with the U.K. to nosedive in the coming months,” he said. “Bilateral trade will inevitably suffer and new direct investments by Germany in the U.K. are extremely unlikely.”
