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How Long It Takes to Break a Passcode

Robert Hackett
By
Robert Hackett
Robert Hackett
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March 18, 2016, 4:50 PM ET
Apple Supporters Protest In Front Of FBI Headquarters In Washington DC
WASHINGTON, DC - FEBRUARY 23: The official seal of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is seen on an iPhone's camera screen outside the J. Edgar Hoover headquarters February 23, 2016 in Washington, DC. Last week a federal judge ordered Apple to write software that would allow law enforcement agencies investigating the December 2, 2015 terrorist attack in San Bernardino, California, to hack into one of the attacker's iPhone. Apple is fighting the order, saying it would create a way for hackers, foreign governments, and other nefarious groups to invade its customers' privacy. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)Chip Somodevilla—Getty Images

Four to six digits stand between most iPhone users’ personal data and the prying eyes of snoops, criminals, and investigators. To access records stored within, a hacker has little choice but to barrage a lock screen with possible PINs until the electronic tumblers click. Problematically, these “brute-force” attempts trigger built-in time delays—and potential data wipes.

A court recently ordered Apple (AAPL) to develop an operating system stripped of such barriers to aid an FBI investigation into the December shootings in San Bernardino, Calif.  The company has emphatically objected for fear that the tool could be abused. Depending on the strength of a user’s passcode, however, anyone’s iPhone could easily remain a black box.

Use the tool below to test how long on average it would take some to crack various passcodes in a world where a crippled version of Apple’s software—of the sort that law enforcement desires—hypothetically got out into the wild. Though Fortune doesn’t store any of the entered information, we do not advise punching in your actual passcode. Who knows what key-loggers or man-in-the-middle attackers might be lurking on your machine or network?


Interactive by Analee Kasudia and Stacy Jones

Want to boost your security? Consider increasing the number (or type) of characters required to unlock your handset. Here are 10 simple steps for anyone running iOS 9, the latest version of Apple’s operating system. Just first make sure there aren’t any people (or cameras!) peering over your shoulder.

1.) Unlock your phone.
2.) Tap the “Settings” icon.
3.) Tap “Touch ID & Passcode” or “Passcode.”
4.) Enter current passcode.
5.) Tap “Change Passcode.”
6.) Enter current passcode.
7.) Tap “Passcode Options.”
8.) Tap “Custom Alphanumeric Code.”
9.) Create your new passcode using a combination of numbers, case sensitive letters, and special characters.
10.) Celebrate your newfound security! And remember this passcode!

For more, here’s a handy breakdown of how long on average it might take to break a passcode:

CHA.03.15.16.featured
Click to enlarge.Source: Apple; Dan Guido, CEO, Trail of Bits

A version of this article appears in the March 15, 2016 issue of Fortune.

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Robert Hackett
By Robert Hackett
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