Despite the apocalyptic rhetoric that accompanied the release of iOS 9, it’s still early days in the ad block wars.
According the best available data—a PageFair/Adobe report issued last month—only 6% of Internet users around the world are actively blocking ads.
But the phenomenon is growing quickly. Adblock use last quarter grew 41% worldwide year over year and 48% in the U.S. As of Q2, 45 million Americans were using ad blockers.
Who are these people?
- They are mostly men. In a 2014 survey, men were 48% more likely than women to use adblock plug-ins when browsing.
- They are largely millennials. Peak usage is with 18-29 year olds, 41% of whom claim to use adblock software.
- They tend to live in the Northeast and Pacific coasts. Oregon has the highest ad blocking rate at 16.4%. Washington DC, at 8.2%, has the lowest.
- They’re not on mobile devices. Smartphones and tables represented 2% of adblock use in Q2 2015, desktops and laptops represented 98%.
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According to PageFair and Adobe, the economic cost of ad blocking—in terms of lost ad revenue—will top $21 billion in 2015 and nearly double again next year.
“This has the potential,” the report concludes, “to challenge the viability of the web as a platform for the distribution of free ad-supported content.”
Follow Philip Elmer-DeWitt on Twitter at @philiped. Read his Apple (AAPL) coverage at fortune.com/ped or subscribe via his RSS feed.
